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Practical guides for office managers building better hybrid workplaces. Learn how to optimize space utilization, automate operations, and support distributed teams.

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Office Insights

Workplace Safety in the Office: Legal Obligations, Ergonomics and Prevention

Workplace safety in the office serves to maintain employee health and provide legal protection for employers. In modern hybrid offices, safety places new demands on the organization of desk sharing and mobile work.

Workplace Safety in the Office: Key Takeaways

  • Legal framework for workplace safety in the office: The foundation consists of the Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG), the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV) and DGUV Information 215-410.
  • Risk assessment in the office: The employer must identify and document the risks (physical and psychological) for each workplace.
  • Ergonomics: Desks, chairs and monitors must be adjustable to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Personnel: Depending on company size, safety officers, first aiders and fire safety assistants must be appointed in the required numbers.
  • Safety briefings: At least once a year, all employees must be instructed on the hazards and protective measures in the workplace.

What legal regulations apply to workplace safety in the office?

Workplace safety in the office is primarily governed by the Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG) and the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV), which are further specified by DGUV Information 215-410.

These regulations require employers to systematically assess hazards, comply with technical standards for computer workstations and ensure employee safety through regular briefings and the provision of first aiders.

  • Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG): It forms the foundation and obliges the employer under § 5 to conduct a risk assessment. The goal is to design work in such a way that hazards to life and physical and mental health are avoided.
  • Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV): It defines minimum requirements for the operation of workplaces. This includes aspects such as room temperature, ventilation, lighting and the design of computer workstations.
  • DGUV Information 215-410 (formerly BGI 650): This guideline from the German Social Accident Insurance is the most important practical standard for offices. It contains detailed requirements for ergonomics, floor space and the safety-related design of work equipment.
  • Display Screen Equipment Regulation (now part of ArbStättV): It sets specific requirements for the quality of monitors, keyboards and software ergonomics to prevent strain on the eyes and musculoskeletal system.

Responsibility and Implementation of Workplace Safety in the Office

The employer is solely responsible for compliance with and implementation of all measures. For support, from the very first employee, the employer is required to provide proof of safety engineering and occupational health care (according to ASIG and DGUV Regulation 2).

Occupational safety specialists (Sifa) and company physicians provide advisory services, but keeping escape routes clear or correctly adjusting office furniture falls under the responsibility of the respective managers or office management.

How is a risk assessment created for office workplaces?

The risk assessment is the required tool for identifying risks to employee health and initiating countermeasures. According to § 5 of the Occupational Safety Act, every employer is obliged to conduct this assessment for all workplaces, document it and update it regularly.

  1. Define work areas: Divide the office into meaningful units, for example individual offices, open spaces, meeting rooms.
  2. Identify hazards: Record all physical and psychological stresses.
  3. Assess hazards: Evaluate the risk (probability of occurrence and severity of potential damage).
  4. Define protective measures: Select appropriate measures according to the TOP principle (Technical before Organizational before Personal).
  5. Implement measures: Carry out the planned improvements.
  6. Check effectiveness: Verify whether the measures have actually reduced the risk.
  7. Document and update: Legally compliant documentation of results and adaptation when changes occur (e.g. new office furniture or software).

Consideration of Psychological Stress in the Office

Since 2013, the Occupational Safety Act has explicitly required that the psychological risk assessment must also be part of the process. In the office, the focus is on factors such as work intensification, constant availability, lack of recovery periods or inadequate work organization. The goal is the prevention of stress-related illnesses and burnout.

Special Case: Risk Assessment for Hybrid Work (Office/Home Office)

Due to the alternation between office and home office, the assessment must extend beyond time spent in the office. The employer must also consider hazards for working from home and on the go. Since the employer has no direct right of inspection in the private space of employees, this is done through self-assessment questionnaires and instructions for the ergonomic design of the home workplace.

What ergonomic requirements must office workplaces meet?

Workplace ergonomics aims to adapt working conditions to the physical characteristics of people. The overarching goal is to prevent improper strain and chronic musculoskeletal disorders .

DGUV Information 215-410 and the standards DIN EN 527-1 (desks) and DIN EN 1335 (office chairs) define exact minimum requirements for this purpose.

The Ergonomic Office Chair

A suitable chair must allow dynamic sitting and be individually adjustable:

  • Seat height: The thighs should slope slightly downward, with feet flat on the floor (knee angle approx. 90° or slightly more).
  • Backrest: It must have lumbar support that supports the natural curvature of the spine in the lower back area.
  • Dynamics: The backrest should be movable (synchronous mechanism) to encourage alternating between leaning forward and backward.

The Office Desk

The desk must provide sufficient space for work equipment and the correct working height:

  • Dimensions: The standard surface area is 160 x 80 cm. A depth of at least 80 cm is necessary to maintain the viewing distance to the monitor.
  • Height: For fixed desks, the standard measurement is 74 cm (± 2 cm). However, height-adjustable sit-stand desks (switching between 65 cm and 125 cm) are ideal for reducing cardiovascular strain.
  • Surface: It must be low-reflection and matte to avoid glare from light sources.

Monitor and Input Devices for the Office

The placement of technology affects the strain on neck and eyes:

  • Viewing distance: Depending on monitor size, this should be between 50 cm and 70 cm.
  • Viewing angle: The top line on the screen should be well below eye level, so that the gaze is slightly tilted downward.
  • Arrangement: The monitor must be positioned directly in front of the user (no twisted posture). Keyboard and mouse should be placed so that the forearms can rest relaxed on the desk.

Light, Noise and Climate in the Office

  • Lighting: For office work, an illuminance of at least 500 lux is required. Natural daylight is preferred, while glare must be prevented using blinds.
  • Noise: The sound pressure level should not exceed 55 dB(A) for predominantly mental tasks.
  • Indoor climate: The recommended room temperature is between 20°C and 22°C. The relative humidity should be between 40% and 60%.

How many first aiders and safety officers do I need for the office?

The number of persons to be appointed for occupational safety is legally defined and depends on the number of insured persons present in the workplace according to DGUV Regulation 1.

  • First aiders: In offices with up to 20 employees present, one first aider must be appointed. From 21 employees onwards, at least 5% of the workforce must be trained as first aiders.
  • Safety officers (SiBe): From a company size of 20 employees, the appointment of at least one safety officer is mandatory. They support the employer on a voluntary basis in accident prevention.
  • Fire safety assistants: Here too, a quota of typically 5% of employees applies. Find all details about training and equipment for fire safety in the office.

Important for planning: The employer must ensure through vacation and sick leave periods as well as hybrid work models that the required number of helpers are physically present in the office at all times.

How is workplace safety implemented in the office with desk sharing and hybrid work?

The introduction of work models such as desk sharing and hybrid work fundamentally changes the requirements for occupational safety. Companies must ensure that the protection goals of the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV) are also achieved with daily user changes and in the home office.

  • Ergonomics: Since every employee has different physical requirements, shared workplaces (shared desks) must be versatile and easily adjustable.
  • Space utilization and capacities: In open-space concepts, there is a risk of overcrowding, which increases noise levels and can undermine escape route concepts.
  • Psychological stress: The uncertainty of not finding an adequate workplace in the morning ("desk hunting") creates additional stress and reduces concentration.
  • Hygiene: Frequent user changes require hygiene rules and adapted cleaning cycles.

How does booking software help with workplace safety and health in the office?

PULT is our software for workplace and room booking as well as automated presence detection. It serves many employers as a platform to fulfill their duty of care. The software includes features for ergonomics, emergency management and health protection:

  • Equipment filter: Employees can specifically search for workplaces with height-adjustable desks (sit-stand desks), ergonomic chairs or special monitors.
  • Fixed assignments when needed: For employees with special medical or physical requirements, PULT enables permanent reservation of fixed workplaces as an exception to desk sharing.
  • Emergency Export: At the push of a button, administrators generate a list of all persons actually present. Thanks to WiFi detection (PULT Presence), "no-shows" or spontaneous visitors are also precisely recorded.
  • Capacity control: The software automatically prevents overcrowding of zones. This way, fire safety regulations and escape route capacities are technically accounted for.
  • AI Health & Safety Agent: Our AI agent helps convert occupational safety regulations into tasks and pre-fill compliance documents for audits with real presence data.
  • Noise and acoustic management: Through clear zoning into quiet and team zones as well as the bookability of phone booths, acoustic stress is reduced.
  • Psychological relief: The guarantee of a firmly reserved workplace eliminates the stress of morning searching and ensures a calm start to the workday.
Tip: Learn more about automatic presence detection via WiFi at PULT Presence.

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Hybrid Work

Flex Desk simply explained, with advantages & implementation

Unlock smarter offices: Flex Desks cut costs, ignite collaboration, and give teams the freedom to choose their perfect spot daily.

Flex Desk simply explained and implemented

When colleagues spend several days working from home and many desks in the office are permanently empty, it not only looks bleak, but also raises the question of cost-effectiveness. In this article, you will find out what a flex desk is and what advantages it offers to counteract these trends.

What is a flex desk?

A flex desk is a workstation without a fixed assignment that you can book daily as required or spontaneously occupy as soon as you arrive at the office. In everyday working life, this means

  • No permanently assigned desk: every working day can take place at a new desk. Depending on which one suits you best or is free.
  • Booking via app or spontaneous search: You can find a free desk in the morning, either by making a reservation in advance or simply by arriving and choosing.

Flex desking therefore refers to the workplace model without fixed allocation. This approach is a perfect fit for hybrid working models, i.e. working hours where you are in the office on some days and working from home on others.

Advantages of Flex Desk

An ongoing flex desk model saves space and changes how you use your office. Here are the key benefits for your business:

1. lower costs or more flexibility

If everyone no longer needs their own desk, you can reduce the number of workstations. This means you can get rid of some of the rented space or move to a smaller property. This reduces overall rent, cleaning and energy costs.

If you stay in the (large) space, areas are freed up for other uses. What was previously occupied by permanently assigned desks can now be converted into quiet zones, project areas or meeting rooms.

2. better utilisation of office space and growth

Instead of workstations standing empty because many employees are working from home, (fewer) desks are utilised as required. However, if your team is growing rapidly, you can use the flex desk concept to ensure high capacity utilisation and make sure that every employee has a reliable desk. The basis for this is desk booking software.

3. greater flexibility in the event of changes

Is your team growing or shrinking, perhaps periodically or with the season? Are you relocating? With a flexible workplace concept (Flex Desk), you don't have to reorganise every time. You simply adjust the booking capacities in the software and can therefore precisely control which areas and workstations are released and which are blocked or declared as a zone used for other purposes.

5. new impetus for collaboration

Changing seat neighbours creates conversations that would never happen in a traditional individual office or departmental office. This promotes dialogue, networking and sometimes even new ideas.

6 Freer and happier employees

With a flex desk concept, your employees can choose the space that suits their task or mood. They can use the booking software to choose a quiet workstation for concentrated work, or sit in the middle of the team on other days and get input. In this respect, introverts and extroverts (and hybrids) are also better able to find a suitable workplace.

How to deal with reservations about flex desks

Taking away the usual workstations can initially cause frustration among the workforce. It is important that you talk to your team and clearly explain the benefits. Typical problems are

  • Loss of familiarity: Without a fixed place, some people lack a personal connection. No plants, no photos, no "my desk". This can feel impersonal. Important: Create a balance, e.g. via team zones, personal lockers, team building, high quality and equipment of the office space.
  • Stress due to daily search for space: If there is no good booking system or there are always too few (good) spaces available, the start of the office day becomes frustrating. If these problems remain unresolved, employees are more likely to be driven to work from home instead of moving into the office. Clear booking rules and reliable software can help here.
  • Hygiene and clean desk obligation: Shared workspaces mean: At the end of the day, everything has to be tidied up and cleaned. This only works if everyone pulls together and if cleaning and equipment are designed accordingly.
  • Limited sense of belonging: If you have to constantly reorientate yourself, you lose your sense of belonging to the team more quickly. You can compensate for this by reserving certain days or zones for teamwork.
  • Technical hurdles: Does the WLAN work everywhere? Are there enough power connections? What about monitors or docking stations?

How to implement Flex Desk successfully?

A flex desk model only works if you set it up well: technically, organisationally and culturally. Here are the most important levers:

1. clear rules (policy)
Everyone needs to know how the system works: Booking deadlines, working hours, clean desk rules, behaviour in the shared space. A short, comprehensible flex-desk policy helps enormously. Everyone can refer to it.

2. good booking system
You can't do without software. A good tool shows you in real time which spaces are free, is easy to use and ideally integrates with existing calendars (Outlook, Google, etc.).

3. equipment and infrastructure
Functioning Wi-Fi everywhere, sufficient power sockets, work zones that can be used in different ways, places to retreat, team areas: You need all of this in addition to desks, because the technology and room design must match the flexibility you have gained.

4 Transparency through data
Keep an eye on how your office is being utilised. The PULT booking software gives you an insight into utilisation and peak times. You can use the analysis to find popular and less popular areas and fine-tune space utilisation as you go.

Legal & health within the Flex Desk concept

The legal framework conditions remain valid even when workstations are used alternately. Here is an overview of what you as a company should keep in mind:

1 Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV)

The basic rule: Every workplace, including a flex desk, must be ergonomic and safe. This means:

  • Good lighting, ventilation, temperature
  • Sufficient space to work
  • VDU workstations with suitable chairs and tables

2. data protection

When employees reserve their seats via a booking tool, personal data is collected. Pay attention to this:

  • Only collect data that is really necessary (e.g. name, booking time)
  • GDPR-compliant storage and clear deletion periods
  • Communicate transparently who can see which data

3. works council and co-determination

In larger companies, the works council must be involved, especially when

  • Introduction of booking systems
  • Clean desk guidelines
  • Conversions or changes to the room structure

4. health and hygiene

A shared environment must also be hygienically usable. This means

  • Cleaning according to clear plans (e.g. daily after use)
  • Equipment with disinfectant, paper towels, etc.
  • Employees must know: I leave the workplace as I would like to find it.

In the PULT booking software, you can see the floor plan of the office on your computer, smartphone or tablet. The free spaces are displayed there in real time, along with their technical equipment (height-adjustable table, two monitors, etc.).

The office plan uses portraits to show where colleagues are sitting. This makes it easy to book a seat right next to them. The booking is made with one click and the seat is reserved for you personally for the selected period.

In PULT you can also:

  • Check in without a click: Thanks to WiFi Desk Booking, your employees are checked in automatically.
  • Synchronise the booking: with Slack, Teams, Outlook and Google Calendar. Appointments and work location are displayed automatically.
  • Set booking policies: Only grant access to individual tables or rooms to certain people or teams. You can even do this on a daily basis.
  • Book meeting rooms, zones and car parks.
  • Office analysis: Which spaces, rooms, zones and floors are popular for booking? How high is the capacity utilisation? What does it look like at peak times?

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Flex Desk - Frequently asked questions and answers

Office Insights

Shared Workspace: Advantages, Disadvantages, Costs

Shared workspaces offer flexible, cost-efficient alternatives to traditional offices—perfect for modern, dynamic teams and freelancers.

Shared workspace: What are the advantages over having your own office?

Offices are no longer fully utilised. According to the Federal Statistical Office, 23.5% of all employees now work from home at least occasionally, almost twice as many as before the pandemic (2019: 12.8%). Shared workspaces are a pragmatic response to this changed working reality. The concept is simple: several users share workspaces and the associated infrastructure. In this article, you will find out what a shared workspace is, what different forms there are and how they differ from other workplace concepts.

What is a shared workspace?

A shared workspace is a workspace that is shared by several users and companies, either simultaneously or at different times. In contrast to traditional offices, where one company is the sole tenant of an enclosed space, workspaces, rooms or entire zones can be used alternately as required. The users share the infrastructure: Wi-Fi, printers, meeting rooms, kitchen and often also services such as reception or cleaning.

The user structure is diverse: self-employed people, small companies, project teams or employees of larger organisations who temporarily need a fixed place to work. Teams that only meet physically on certain days also use shared workspaces for selective organisation without having to provide permanent space.

Differentiation: shared workspace vs. coworking vs. own office

The term "shared workspace" is often mistakenly equated with coworking. In fact, there are clear differences:

Coworking focuses on an open, network-orientated work culture. The exchange between different industries and people takes centre stage. Coworking spaces are usually open-plan, offer events and deliberately promote community building. There are rarely fixed workstations.

Shared workspaces are designed to be more functional: workspaces with a structure that can be booked, shared and scaled, but without an explicit community focus. This is primarily about the cost-efficient, shared use of office infrastructure, not networking.

Own offices offer maximum control and privacy, but require long-term leases and high fixed costs. According to CBRE Germany, the average rental costs for office space in German A-cities are at least 15-25 euros per square metre per month - plus ancillary costs, furnishings and administrative expenses.

Shared Workspace

  • Flexibility: High (bookable by the day / month)
  • Community focus: Low
  • Predictability: Medium
  • Costs: €200 – €600 per seat per month
  • Equipment: Fully inclusive

Coworking

  • Flexibility: Very high (bookable by the hour)
  • Community focus: High
  • Predictability: Low
  • Costs: €20 – €50 per day
  • Equipment: Fully inclusive

Own Office

  • Flexibility: Low (mostly annual contracts)
  • Community focus: None
  • Predictability: High
  • Costs: €800 – €1,500 per seat per month
  • Equipment: Must be procured by yourself

What types of shared workspace are there?

Shared workspace is not a standardised concept, but a collective term for four main types: Coworking-style areas (open workspaces without fixed places), business centres (enclosed office spaces with shared services), office sharing (office communities through subletting) and hybrid solutions (mixed forms). The various models are aimed at different target groups and needs.

Coworking-style areas

Open workspaces in which different people and companies work side by side without a fixed allocation of space. The atmosphere is informal and dialogue is encouraged, but not mandatory. In addition to workstations, there are usually common rooms, telephone booths and sometimes events.
Typical users: Self-employed people, start-ups, mainly mobile teams, individuals with a need for professional infrastructure.

Business centre

Closed office spaces of very different sizes that are shared by several companies or teams. The rooms are clearly demarcated and the meeting room, reception and kitchen are shared. Often with additional services such as mail reception, telephone service or secretarial services.
Suitable for:
established companies that require representation, teams with confidentiality requirements, consultancies.

Office sharing

Traditional shared offices where a main tenant sublets vacant space to other companies. Often arise when companies have space left over after downsizing, mergers or an increased proportion of home offices. The costs are usually divided up via a simple allocation of ancillary costs.
Particularly common
in large cities where office space is scarce and therefore expensive.

Hybrid approaches

Mixed forms that combine elements of different models. For example, business centres with optional coworking areas or office-sharing communities with additional space for growing teams. These models often emerge organically when providers and landlords respond to customer needs.

However, the boundaries are becoming increasingly blurred as providers adapt their concepts to local demand.

Advantages and disadvantages of shared workspace

Shared workspaces cost less than dedicated offices, but require a premium for flexibility. They are usually cheaper for short-term use (less than 2 years) or fluctuating team sizes. However, if you need the same space consistently over the long term, you are better off with your own rental agreement.

Costs of a shared workspace

Shared workspaces significantly reduce office costs. Office rental prices in major German cities are around 24-29 euros per square metre per month: Berlin at 29 euros/m², followed by Munich at 24.70 euros/m² and Frankfurt (24.30 euros/m²). With an average of 10-15 square metres per workspace, basic rental costs range from 240 to 435 euros per month, plus ancillary costs, furnishings and administration. In contrast, shared workspaces often offer a more favourable complete solution without additional investment.

The disadvantage of a shared workspace is that the greater flexibility comes at an additional cost. Shared workspace providers factor in vacancy, service and profit margin. With long-term, constant use, your own office can become cheaper.

Balancing act between the flexibility and predictability of a shared workspace

Shared workspaces allow for quick adaptation in the event of fluctuating team sizes or project phases. Teams can book additional workspaces as required or reduce the number of workspaces during quieter phases. This is a clear advantage, especially for project-based companies or start-ups with unpredictable growth.

At the same time, uncertainties arise: Popular spaces or rooms are not always available. In high-demand locations, users report booking problems, especially on Mondays and after school holidays. Some providers solve this problem with waiting lists or premium memberships with guaranteed spaces.

Tip: In the booking software PULT, users of the shared workspace can book their workspace in advance, directly from their smartphone.

Distraction and productivity in a shared workspace

Open shared workspaces can impair concentration. Conference calls, conversations with other users and changing workstations can be distracting. Users report more frequent interruptions than in their own offices.

On the other hand, many users report increased motivation due to the professional working atmosphere compared to working from home or in the same office.

Organisation and administration of shared workspaces

The shared use of workspaces brings with it administrative challenges that do not exist with private offices. Providers have to coordinate bookings, monitor utilisation and avoid conflicts between users.

Without systematic organisation, problems quickly arise: Double bookings, unclear availability and disputes over coveted spaces.

A survey conducted by the Federal Association of Coworking Spaces Germany in 2023 showed that 34% of users have already experienced situations in which booked workspaces were already occupied or meeting rooms were double-booked. This leads to planning uncertainty and frustration, especially in highly sought-after locations.

Most professional providers therefore rely on digital booking systems. This software enables real-time availability checks, prevents double bookings and provides clarity about the actual free capacities. Users can check in advance and make binding reservations, while providers receive detailed utilisation data to optimise their space.

Modern booking and management tools such as the PULT software integrate desk booking, room management and visitor management in a standardised platform. PULT runs entirely in the browser and therefore works on any device, from smartphones and laptops to desktop PCs.

Providers of shared workspaces receive detailed usage statistics and can see in real time which areas are in high demand and where capacity is still available. This data helps with decisions about expanding or reorganising space. Users benefit from a particularly simple booking experience without phone calls or emails: from individual workspaces to conference rooms, all in one application.

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Shared workspaces - frequently asked questions and answers

Desk Booking

Calculate Your Desk Sharing Ratio

Calculate your Desk Sharing Ratio—formula, free calculator, industry benchmarks, cost savings, and pitfalls to avoid.

Desk Sharing Ratio

You pay thousands of euros in rent every month for office space, yet half the desks sit empty each day while your team complains about too few meeting rooms, missing quiet zones or insufficient collaboration areas. The solution lies in correctly calculating the Desk Sharing Ratio—a simple key figure that shows how to repurpose existing space intelligently. In this article you’ll learn how to calculate the ratio for your industry, which benchmarks other companies use and what insights and measures you can derive.

What Is the Desk Sharing Ratio?

The Desk Sharing Ratio expresses the relationship between available workstations and your total number of employees.

Example: You have 100 employees and 70 desks. Your Desk Sharing Ratio is 0.7.

That means 1.43 employees share each workstation, or put differently: not everyone can be in the office at the same time.

  • Desk Sharing Ratio Below 1.0: Fewer desks than employees (true desk sharing)
  • Desk Sharing Ratio Exactly 1.0: Traditional model, one desk per employee
  • Desk Sharing Ratio Above 1.0: More desks than employees (oversupply—e.g., with coworking or guest desks)

The ratio helps you make three essential decisions: you see whether your current office space is optimally used, you can calculate how much space you really need when expanding or relocating, and you gain an objective basis for discussions with management about space costs.

Difference: Desk Sharing Ratio vs. Utilisation Rate

Do not confuse the Desk Sharing Ratio with the utilisation rate, which measures how often the available desks are actually used. The Desk Sharing Ratio is a planning value; the utilisation rate is a measurement value.

Application of the Desk Sharing Ratio

  • Space planning and cost control: With the ratio you calculate exactly how much office space you need when changing buildings. Example: An IT company with 200 employees moves offices and reduces its ratio from 1.0 to 0.7. The new space can therefore be 30 % smaller.
  • Repurposing space: Identify unused desks and convert them into meeting rooms, quiet zones or creative areas. Instead of 20 empty desks you could create an extra meeting room and a lounge for your team.
  • Growth planning: When your company grows you do not need to rent proportionally more space. With a ratio of 0.8 you can accommodate 25 % more employees without moving.
  • Decision basis: The ratio replaces gut feeling with facts—especially helpful in negotiations with management, the works council or during budgeting.

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The basic formula gives you a figure that shows the bare facts. For planning office space or restructurings it is extended to show the number of required desks.

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Step 1: Determine Employee Count

Count all employees who could in principle need a workstation, including full-time and part-time staff, working students and external consultants who regularly work on-site. For interns you can use a lump sum value.

Step 2: Analyse Attendance Patterns

Find out how often your employees are actually in the office. A meaningful survey requires a longer period that balances cyclical differences—mainly weekday effects and monthly rhythm. Ideally, carry it out outside holiday periods and seasonal peaks. In general: the longer the observation period, the more reliable the numbers.

Typical reasons for absence:

  • Home office (usually 2–3 days per week)
  • Vacation (around 25–30 days per year)
  • Sickness (about 15 days per year)
  • Business travel and client appointments
  • Training and conferences

Example: Your employees are on-site 60 % of the time on average. With 100 employees you theoretically need 60 desks.

Step 3: Add a Safety Buffer

Without a buffer the office can quickly become crowded. We recommend 10–15 % extra desks for:

  • Team days or all-hands meetings
  • Fluctuations during the year
  • Onboarding new employees

Example continued: 100 employees × 60 % = 60 desks. With a 15 % buffer: 60 × 1.15 = 69 desks. Your Desk Sharing Ratio is then 0.69.

Practical Calculation Examples

IT start-up
With 50 employees who are on-site 60 % of the time (≈ three home-office days per week) and a 15 % safety buffer, the company needs 35 desks, giving a Desk Sharing Ratio of 0.70.

Consulting firm
A workforce of 100 employees, an on-site rate of 40 % because of intensive client work and a 10 % buffer means 44 desks are required, resulting in a ratio of 0.44.

Financial services
For 80 employees with an on-site rate of 85 % (little home-office) and a 10 % buffer, 75 desks are needed, which equates to a ratio of 0.94.

Desk Sharing Ratios by Industry

IT & Tech Companies

Recommended ratio: 0.6 – 0.8

Tech firms are pioneers of flexible work. Developers often focus at home but come to the office for sprints and pair programming. A software company with 120 developers manages with a ratio of 0.65; staff are on-site only 2.5 days per week on average.

Financial Services

Recommended ratio: 0.8 – 0.9

Banks and insurers are more cautious. Compliance requirements, confidential customer data and a more traditional culture keep home-office rates lower. Example: A regional bank starts at 0.85 and lowers to 0.78 after one year. Certain workstations require special IT security; customer advisory work is mainly on-site; regulators sometimes require everyone in the office at short notice.

Consulting & Professional Services

Recommended ratio: 0.4 – 0.7

Consultants work mainly at client sites. Example: An international consultancy has 200 consultants but only 90 desks, giving a ratio of 0.45—possible because 70 % of time is spent at clients. There are extreme fluctuations; in holiday season the office can be empty, before proposal deadlines every desk is occupied. Only a booking system ensures that a desk is available after travelling to the office.

Marketing & Creative Agencies

Recommended ratio: 0.6 – 0.8

Creatives need inspiration from others but also like focused solo work. A digital agency with 60 employees runs a ratio of 0.7, providing enough space for spontaneous brainstorming yet flexibility for home-office. Creative rooms and presentation areas are additionally needed; freelancer attendance varies greatly.

Guide: Applying the Desk Sharing Ratio Company-Wide

Phase 1: Analysis and Data Collection

  • Count all usable desks and document their equipment (e.g., dual monitors, laptop dock).
  • Measure attendance for at least a month using an Excel sheet, time-tracking system or badge data—ensure no individual behaviours can be identified later.
  • Survey employees anonymously (5–6 questions) on home-office frequency, client appointments and desk preferences.

Phase 2: Calculate Ratios and Develop Scenarios

Use your data and the formulas. Typical reference scenarios:

  • Conservative (0.9): Minimal risk, low savings—good starting point.
  • Moderate (0.7): Balanced efficiency and comfort—often ideal.
  • Very progressive (0.5): Maximum efficiency, higher risk of too few desks—only for highly flexible models.

For each scenario calculate cost savings if you moved into smaller premises, including rent, utilities, cleaning and IT.

Phase 3: Prepare Change Management

  • Inform the works council from the outset; desk sharing is often subject to co-determination.
  • Identify supporters in each department and make them change ambassadors.

Phase 4: Run a Pilot

  • Start small—choose a receptive department or floor (IT or Marketing).
  • Define measurable goals: desk utilisation, employee satisfaction, issues.
  • Hold weekly feedback sessions.
  • Provide identical equipment at every desk; introduce a booking system if > 20 employees.

Phase 5: Roll-out and Optimisation (8–12 weeks)

  • Expand gradually—allocate 2–3 weeks per department.
  • Continuously optimise based on data: which desks are never booked, where are bottlenecks, which teams need closer proximity?
  • Adjust the ratio after three months—the initial phase often shows you can plan more boldly or conservatively than expected.

Common Mistakes in Handling the Desk Sharing Ratio

The six most frequent mistakes when dealing with the Desk Sharing Ratio are overly aggressive ratios, physical separation of teams, inconsistent IT equipment, lack of communication, static ratios without adjustment, and ignored legal aspects.

Mistake 1: An Overly Aggressive Ratio from the Start

You think: “If 0.7 is good, 0.5 must be even better.” The outcome: employees have to reserve a workstation far in advance to secure one. Trust in desk availability decreases, and fewer people choose to work on-site. This solves the scarcity problem but unnecessarily pushes staff into home office and creates a feeling of not being welcome.

Solution: Start conservatively at 0.8 and reduce gradually. Better to have a little too much space for six months than two weeks of overcrowding.

Mistake 2: Teams Are Physically Torn Apart

Desk sharing does not mean everyone has to sit randomly. If the marketing team is spread over three floors, collaboration suffers.

Solution: Define team areas. Reserve a fixed zone for each department with 70–80 % of the theoretically required desks. Teams can sit together without everyone needing a fixed seat. Also plan regular team days when all members are on-site.

Mistake 3: Insufficient Technical Preparation

If employees arrive at their booked desk and find the wrong equipment, they are understandably frustrated and cannot start working.

Solution: Rigorously standardise equipment. Every workstation needs identical technology: same monitors, keyboards and docking stations. Invest in a robust cloud infrastructure. Employees must be able to access all required systems from any desk.

Mistake 4: Lack of Communication and Change Management

You announce the new system via email and are surprised by the pushback. Employees fear losing their familiar spot, fail to see the benefits or feel bypassed.

Solution: Communicate early, openly and continuously. Explain not just the “what” but especially the “why.” Hold workshops, answer questions, gather feedback.

Mistake 5: Static Ratio without Monitoring

You calculate the ratio once and leave it unchanged for three years. Meanwhile, everyone works more from home, yet you still have too many workstations.

Solution: Review the ratio quarterly. Examine utilisation data, survey employees, analyse booking patterns.

Mistake 6: Neglecting Legal Aspects

You ignore company agreements, forget the works council or overlook workplace regulations. This can bring the entire project to a halt.

Solution: Inform the works council from the outset and involve it in planning. Check existing company agreements for rules on fixed desks. Ensure all ergonomic and safety standards are met—especially those in the workplace ordinance.

Software for Implementing the Desk Sharing Ratio 

Desk sharing requires three capabilities: capturing actual attendance, booking desks after introduction and continuous monitoring of booking behaviour. PULT covers all three.

Automatic Attendance Detection for the Planning Phase 

PULT Presence logs attendance automatically: as soon as an employee’s smartphone or laptop connects to the corporate Wi-Fi, they are marked present—no manual action, no forgetting. Zero-click works with your existing WLAN infrastructure (HPE Aruba, Cisco, Ubiquiti, etc.). After two to four weeks you know exact utilisation and can calculate your ratio reliably.

Desk Booking without Re-Learning 

PULT integrates directly into Slack, Teams and Outlook. Employees book a desk with one click in the tools they already use—no extra app, no new passwords. The booking plan mirrors your office and shows all available desks with features (standing desk, dual monitors, next to a favourite colleague). Filters help find the right spot fast.

Continuous Optimisation of the Desk Sharing Ratio 

PULT Analytics displays average utilisation of desks, zones and rooms per day and week, popular and unpopular desks, and booking behaviour by team. With booking and attendance data you always see your ratio. If overcapacity persists you can either

  • gradually remove desks and repurpose freed space (quiet zones, gym, etc.), or
  • intensify your back-to-office strategy to bring more employees from home office to the office.

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Desk Sharing Ratio – Frequently Asked Questions 

Hybrid Work

Understanding hybrid working and implementing it with your team

Hybrid working sounds like more freedom, but it also brings new challenges for teams, leadership, and organization. This article reveals what the concept really entails, what rules and software you need, and how companies are successfully implementing hybrid working.

Understanding hybrid working and implementing it with your team

The mix of remote and in-person work is now a reality for many teams, but it also raises new questions: Who is in the office and when? Who is working from home? And how do you ensure that collaboration, communication and culture don't fall by the wayside? In this article, you'll learn what hybrid working is, what it entails and what new structures it requires.

Meaning: What is hybrid working? (Definition)

Hybrid working, often referred to as hybrid work or hybrid working model, is a combination of on-site and remote work. Colleagues work partly in the office and partly in other locations such as their home office, a co-working space or on the road. How exactly this is organised varies greatly:

  • The most suitable option depends largely on the type of work, the coordination required within the team and the company structure. Creative project work, for example, often benefits from regular presence, while focused individual work is often better done remotely.
  • Fixed office days (e.g. Monday & Wednesday in the office)
  • Free choice depending on position, project phase or personal agreement
  • Central control or team-based agreements
  • The office as a place of work or a meeting place with a focus on meetings and collaboration

Hybrid working is not a rigid state, but a framework for organisation. The model can vary greatly depending on the industry, company size and team structure. One thing is clear: without binding rules and the right equipment, friction can quickly arise.

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Hybrid working from different perspectives

For employees

More freedom also means more self-organisation. If you are free to choose where you work, you need your own routines: How do you remain available to colleagues? How do you separate work and private life? How do you get information when you are not in the office? Many appreciate the newfound autonomy, but also report problems with setting boundaries or feeling like they ‘don't belong’.

For managers

Leadership in a hybrid context is no longer about physical presence, but about trust, communication and clear goal orientation. Visibility does not come from sitting at your desk, but from commitment and feedback. At the same time, the challenge remains: how do you get everyone on board without constantly checking up on them or breathing down their necks?

For HR and organisation

Recruiting, onboarding, personnel development: you have to rethink all of this. Processes that used to run automatically in the office now have to be planned and designed more consciously. Onboarding requires new formats in hybrid teams: digital welcome sessions, accompanying induction plans with on-site and remote contact persons, and hybrid feedback meetings in the initial phase.

The corporate culture is also being put to the test: How do you create a sense of belonging and cohesion when teams see each other less often in person? And how do you organise the flow of information when not everyone is working in the same place at the same time?

For IT and office management

The demands on IT security, network technology and devices are increasing significantly. Added to this is the question: Who is in the office and when? Are there enough workstations? How can the use of meeting rooms be coordinated?

Typical problems with hybrid working

Hybrid working brings noticeable advantages, but also specific pitfalls. Some of the typical problem areas are:

  • Communication gaps: If you are not in the office, you may not receive certain information. Without clear tools and structures, different levels of knowledge arise.
  • Team imbalance: Those who are on site more often are heard more quickly. Remote employees run the risk of being less involved.
  • Spontaneity vs. space: Without planning, rooms or spaces may not be available – or the team may be in the office for a meeting, but no one else is there.
  • Too many tools: When everyone uses a different system, collaboration becomes tedious. Integration is crucial.
  • Lack of rules: It is often unclear who is working where and when. This causes frustration and organisational effort.

Problems from the employee's perspective

  • Blurred boundaries between work and leisure time: Some employees find it difficult to switch off after work when they have already spent the entire day at home working. The flexibility of working from home often leads to a blurring of the boundaries between work and private life, which can result in stress and exhaustion.
  • Feelings of guilt when not working to capacity: Some feel guilty when they are less busy in their home office, even though they are fulfilling their tasks. These feelings of guilt can lead to excessive work and ultimately to burnout.
  • Social isolation and lack of team dynamics: The lack of personal interaction in the office can lead to a feeling of isolation. Spontaneous conversations and informal interactions that contribute to team dynamics are missing in the home office.
  • Inadequate working environment at home: Not everyone has a suitable place to work at home. Noise, a lack of ergonomic furniture or inadequate technology can impair productivity and affect your mood.

To address these issues, hybrid work requires a functioning organisation. Just as constant attendance can be oppressive, the perceived freedom of working from home can also have a negative effect. A well-structured, hybrid way of working can offer your team the right amount of variety.

What do you need for hybrid working?

A hybrid model only works if certain conditions are met:

  • Trust-based leadership: No micromanagement of individual activities, but clearly stated expectations and regular coordination. This also includes trust and role modelling.
  • Rules for collaboration: Who works when and where? How do you stay in touch? What software do you use?
  • Clear planning: Who is on site and when? What spaces and rooms do you need? Are there enough workstations available when attendance is high?
  • Technical equipment: Laptops, VPN, secure connection, functioning video technology, cloud-based software for collaboration (e.g. for project management or documentation), central cloud storage for location-independent access, professional video conferencing software with a stable connection and functions for group work, software for desk booking and attendance overview, both in the office and remotely.
  • Cultural maintenance: Regular anchor points, feedback rounds, established team formats to prevent a sense of belonging from being lost.

Examples of hybrid working

Example 1: Medium-sized company with fixed office days

A software company has introduced two fixed office days per week, with each team deciding for itself how to organise the rest of the week. Workstations are booked via software, as are meeting rooms. Permanently assigned desks are replaced by workstations that are used on a rotating basis. This frees up space for quiet areas and break rooms, which make working on site more attractive.

Example 2: Remote-first with optional office

A start-up relies on voluntary office days. Those who come book themselves in digitally. Access, workspaces and meeting rooms are booked and allocated as required. The reception is not permanently staffed, but is digitally controlled via a central platform. Employees appreciate the flexibility and see the office as a welcome change of scenery.

Example 3: Administration with a hybrid shift model

A government agency uses hybrid models for administrative staff. Teams share rooms, with weekly planning in advance. A room and access booking system has been introduced to ensure planning reliability. The most important effect: greater predictability with the same level of availability.

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Implementing hybrid working in your company

If you want to establish hybrid working, it's not just about more freedom in choosing where to work or the advantages of working from home. It's about creating structures in which the flexibility gained does not lead to chaos, but to greater satisfaction, productivity and clarity.

To achieve this, colleagues' attendance and absence should be transparent for everyone. You also need to be able to plan the use of workstations and meeting rooms and have a technical infrastructure that grows with you instead of slowing you down.

Implemented correctly, hybrid working can improve many things: you relieve the strain on your office, reduce vacancy rates and create spaces that can be used for completely new ideas. You strengthen personal responsibility within the team without losing sight of collaboration.

How PULT makes hybrid working easier for your team:

  • Attendance overview: You can see at a glance who is in the office today, across teams, per location, in real time.
  • Workplace booking: Employees can reserve their own space in the office, including capacity overview and according to individual preferences.
  • Room planning and booking: Meeting rooms can be booked and thus reserved. Specify who has access to which rooms.
  • Cross-location control: Everything can be managed centrally – regardless of how many offices or user groups are involved.

The better hybrid working is organised, the better it will be accepted by the team. The respective disadvantages of on-site and remote working are also partly eliminated or significantly mitigated.

Hybrid working – frequently asked questions and answers