
Fire Safety in the Office – Regulations, Equipment, Checklist
Fire safety in the office is a legal obligation for employers. Compliance with workplace rule ASR A2.2, regular team briefings and the training of fire safety assistants are essential for responding quickly in an emergency.
Fire safety in the office: Key facts at a glance
- Fire safety in the office is primarily governed by the Occupational Health and Safety Act (ArbSchG) and the technical rule ASR A2.2.
- Fire safety equipment: The number and type of fire extinguishers depends on the floor area and fire risk (usually "normal risk" in offices).
- Fire safety assistants: At least 5% of employees must be designated and trained as fire safety assistants.
- Fire safety briefing: All employees must be instructed at least once a year on how to behave in the event of a fire and on escape routes.
- Maintenance: Fire extinguishers must be inspected by a qualified person every two years; fire doors and alarm systems are subject to shorter intervals.
What regulations apply to fire safety in the office?
Fire safety in the office in Germany is primarily regulated by the Occupational Health and Safety Act (ArbSchG), the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV) and, in more specific terms, by the Technical Rule for Workplaces ASR A2.2. These regulations oblige you as an employer to ensure adequate firefighting measures, establish evacuation procedures and train a sufficient number of employees as fire safety assistants.
- Occupational Health and Safety Act (ArbSchG): According to § 10, the employer is obliged to take the measures necessary for first aid, firefighting and the evacuation of employees. They must designate the persons who will assume these tasks in an emergency.
- Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV): The annex (section 2.2) stipulates that workplaces must be equipped with fire extinguishing devices and that these, along with fire alarm systems, must be regularly tested for functionality.
- ASR A2.2: This technical rule specifies the ArbStättV in detail. It provides exact requirements for the number of fire extinguishers needed (extinguishing agent units), the marking of escape routes and the training of fire safety assistants (usually 5% of the workforce).
- DGUV Regulation 1: This accident prevention regulation of the employers' liability insurance associations requires regular instruction of all insured persons on the hazards present in the workplace and the measures to avert these hazards.
The overall responsibility for fire safety always lies with the employer. The landlord of a property is responsible for structural fire protection (e.g. fire doors, stairwells), while operational fire safety (e.g. fire extinguishers, briefings, assistant training) is the responsibility of the tenant company.
How is fire safety ensured in the office and workplace?
Fire safety in the office comprises structural, technical and organisational fire protection. Structural measures should be implemented by the building owner, but the responsibility for technical equipment and organisational procedures lies directly with the employer in the office.
Structural fire protection
This part of fire protection encompasses all measures permanently built into the building that prevent the spread of fire and secure rescue routes.
- Fire compartments: Division of the building by fire walls.
- Escape and rescue routes: Designation of stairwells and emergency exits that must remain smoke-free in the event of a fire.
- Fire resistance classes: Use of materials that withstand fire for a defined period (e.g. F90).
Technical fire protection systems
This includes all technical installations that detect a fire early or support firefighting efforts.
- Fire alarm systems (BMA): Automatic detection of smoke or heat and direct alerting of the fire brigade.
- Smoke extraction systems (RWA): Extract smoke gases from the building to protect people and improve visibility for evacuation.
- Emergency lighting: Ensures escape routes can be found in the event of a power failure or smoke.
Organisational fire protection
This is the area with the greatest need for action by office management, as it governs human behaviour and ongoing maintenance.
- Fire safety regulations: Preparation of parts A, B and C to govern behaviour and responsibilities.
- Fire safety assistants: Designation and training of employees for initial firefighting and evacuation.
- Maintenance & inspection: Ensuring inspection deadlines for fire extinguishers, wall hydrants and alarm systems.
- Briefings: Regular training of all employees on the specific hazards and escape routes in the office.
How many fire extinguishers does my office need?
The number of fire extinguishers required in an office depends on the floor area and fire risk, with normal risk generally assumed for standard administrative buildings. The extinguishing agent unit (LE) system according to workplace rule ASR A2.2 is used to determine the requirement, making the different performance levels of various extinguishing agents comparable.
Step 1: Determining the fire risk
Before calculating the number, the risk class must be determined:
- Normal risk: Standard offices without high fire loads (e.g. ordinary computer workstations, files in usual quantities).
- Elevated risk: Rooms with flammable liquids, large storage areas or workshops. Additional measures are required here.
Step 2: Calculating extinguishing agent units (LE)
For offices with normal risk, the following table from the technical rule for workplaces ASR A2.2 (section 5.2, table 3) applies for determining the required extinguishing agent units:
Step 3: Selecting the fire extinguishers
A standard 6-litre foam extinguisher usually corresponds to 6 to 9 LE (depending on performance). The choice of extinguishing agent is important in offices. Get advice from a fire safety company:
- Foam extinguishers: They extinguish effectively and cause significantly less contamination than powder extinguishers.
- CO2 extinguishers (carbon dioxide): Mandatory for server rooms or areas with extensive IT hardware, as they extinguish without residue and do not cause short circuits from extinguishing agent residues.
- Powder extinguishers: Unsuitable for offices, as the fine salt powder permanently damages all electronics and furnishings (corrosion).
Important placement rules for fire extinguishers
- Accessibility: Fire extinguishers must be clearly visible and easily accessible (maximum distance from any point: 20 metres).
- Mounting height: The grip height should be approximately 80 cm to 120 cm.
- Marking: Each location must be marked with the square, red fire safety sign (F001) above the extinguisher.

How many fire safety assistants must be designated for my office?
According to ASR A2.2 section 7.3, the employer is obliged to familiarise a sufficient number of employees with fire extinguishing equipment through instruction and practice and to designate them as fire safety assistants. These persons support initial firefighting and the evacuation of colleagues in an emergency.
- The 5 percent rule: As a rule, 5% of employees as fire safety assistants is sufficient, provided there is a normal fire risk (which applies to most offices).
- Attendance: Shift work, holidays, sick leave and mobile working (hybrid work) must be taken into account in the calculation. A sufficient number of assistants must be present on site at all times.
- Special risk: In cases of elevated fire risk or a large number of persons with limited mobility (e.g. public traffic), the quota must be individually adjusted upwards.
- Additional roles: It often makes sense to deploy fire safety assistants simultaneously as evacuation assistants to coordinate the building evacuation in a structured manner.
Fire safety assistant training and refresher courses
An employee only becomes a fire safety assistant through expert instruction. This includes:
- Theoretical foundations: Fundamentals of preventive fire protection, behaviour in the event of fire and the operational fire safety organisation.
- Practical exercise: Real-world handling of fire extinguishing equipment (extinguishing agent training).
- Interval: Training should generally be refreshed every 3 to 5 years. In the event of significant operational changes (e.g. relocation or new procedures), immediate retraining is required.
What challenges does modern work pose for fire safety in the office?
The greatest challenge for fire safety in modern office concepts is the lack of overview of the actual number of people in the building, caused by hybrid work and desk sharing. Traditional, static attendance lists are ineffective in such a work environment, as employees appear irregularly, spontaneously switch workstations or leave the office without signing out.
- In the event of an evacuation, rescue services need to know how many people are in which fire compartments. Paper lists or pure booking data (which often contain "no-shows") lead to life-threatening inaccuracies.
- With free seating, there is a risk that too many people are in one area at the same time. This can overload escape routes or exceed the maximum permitted occupancy according to the fire safety concept.
- As teams rotate, permanently assigned fire safety assistants per floor are often not present. It must be ensured that despite hybrid working, a sufficient proportion of trained personnel is always on site.
How do booking software and presence detection help with fire safety in the office?
PULT is our software for workspace and room booking as well as automated presence detection. Smartphones, tablets or laptops are detected via the company Wi-Fi and the associated person is automatically listed as present. This also creates a reliable attendance list for emergency situations.
Unlike pure booking systems, PULT detects the actual presence of employees, enabling precise coordination of evacuations and compliance with legal safety requirements.
- Emergency report at the push of a button (Emergency Export): Administrators can instantly generate a list of all persons currently present in the office via a button. Since the system automatically detects presence via the Wi-Fi connection of devices, employees who forgot to book a desk are also captured.
- Automated capacity limits: Maximum occupancy numbers per zone can be set in PULT's booking logic. This prevents overcrowding and ensures that fire safety concepts and escape route capacities are maintained at all times.
- Vermeidung von Fehlern bei Evakuierungen: Die automatisierte Erfassung beendet das „Ratespiel“ am Sammelplatz. Rettungskräfte erhalten sofortige Klarheit darüber, ob das Gebäude vollständig geräumt ist oder ob sich noch Personen im Gefahrenbereich befinden könnten.
Tip: Learn more about automatic presence detection via Wi-Fi at PULT Presence.
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