Measuring and increasing office utilization without sensors

According to several studies, one in four companies underutilizes its office space. At the same time, average office utilization in Europe has leveled off at around 60 percent.

Office utilization: TL;DR

  • Usage patterns: The busiest days are Tuesday and Wednesday. Monday and Friday are significantly less busy.
  • Measuring office utilization: Reliable results are obtained through genuine attendance tracking. Booking data helps, but is prone to errors due to no-shows.
  • Increasing office utilization: Better office utilization is achieved through attractive working environments, good facilities, and offerings that surpass the comfort of working from home.

What is office utilization?

Office utilization describes the proportion of actually used workstations or space in relation to the total available capacity within a specific period. 

It is an important indicator of the efficiency of office space, comparable to hotel occupancy or production line utilization. It is measured as a percentage based on a period of time, such as a week or month.

Office utilization is an important key performance indicator for workplace, real estate, and facility management. It enables:

  • Decisions on space planning
  • Targeted control of cleaning and energy use for heating, cooling, and ventilation.
  • Optimization of workplace availability in terms of the number of team zones, etc.
Calculation formula for office utilization analytics:

Office utilization (%) = (occupied workstations × usage time) ÷ (available workstations × total time) × 100

This formula can be applied at the workplace, room, floor, or building level. For a correct assessment, average and peak values (peak utilization) should be considered separately.

How high is office utilization in companies?

Average office utilization in Europe is currently around 60 percent. A clear pattern can be seen in the distribution across the days of the week:

  • Tuesday and Wednesday are the busiest days across Europe, with around 67 to 68 percent utilization.
  • Thursday follows closely behind with around 65 percent.
  • Monday and Friday remain significantly weaker.

These mid-week peaks are now considered a typical hybrid pattern and are an important factor in capacity and service planning in companies.

Parallel to the stagnating demand for space, an increase in vacancy rates can be observed in many European cities. Companies are increasingly concentrating their rental space on high-quality locations with good transport links and facilities suitable for new ways of working.

  • The quantitative volume of space is declining, while qualitative demand is rising.
  • Guidelines for planning and evaluation

How do I measure office utilization?

Office utilization is measured by combining real attendance data, booking information, and space utilization analyses.

Depending on the technical infrastructure, Wi-Fi detection, sensors, booking systems, or access data are used for this purpose. It is important that the data reflects actual usage, not just reservations.

Measuring actual attendance

The most reliable method of office utilization analysis is to track the actual attendance of employees in the office. In traditional systems, employees must check in reliably every day. A simpler and more reliable method is to use automatic check-in via Wi-Fi connection in the office space utilization software PULT Presence.

To do this, check-in is performed automatically as soon as your employees' laptops or smartphones connect to the existing company Wi-Fi. No intervention by employees is necessary.

  • Wi-Fi detection: End devices (laptops or smartphones) automatically connect to the company network. These connections can be counted anonymously and show how many people are in the office at the same time.
  • Advantage: No manual check-in necessary, high data quality, clear representation of actual presence.
  • Data protection: Data is collected in aggregate form and in compliance with the GDPR; individual movement profiles are not created.
  • Measurement period: Two to four weeks usually provide sufficient data to reliably calculate average and peak values.

This method is particularly suitable when real usage patterns are to be recorded instead of mere booking statistics.

Measurement via booking data

Office utilization can be assessed based on booking activity. This involves counting how often workstations or rooms are reserved and used. This is less accurate than actual attendance recording.

  • Easily available when using booking software with office insights
  • Meaningful for demand and planning trends.

Limitations:

  • Bookings only reflect intended use, not actual attendance.
  • No-shows (reservations without use) distort the results.
Tip: Automatically releasing unused bookings significantly improves data quality. In the office utilization software PULT, you can set the time period after which an unused booking is automatically canceled.

How can I increase office space utilization?

You can increase office utilization benchmarks by making it attractive and providing a positive workplace experience, thereby motivating your employees to return to the office. Your team will enjoy coming to the office if it offers something that working from home cannot: community, comfort, and attractive opportunities for balance and modern working.

What makes an office attractive?

An office is attractive when it offers space for different ways of working and meets people's needs for variety and balance. Instead of uniform rows of desks, companies today need diverse work zones:

  • Multispace principle: Different areas for concentration, collaboration, discussions, and relaxation. 
  • High quality of stay: Comfortable lounges, well-equipped kitchens, snacks, drinks, and places to retreat increase well-being and extend the time spent in the office.
  • Strengthening collaboration: The office serves as a social space. Team days are held and the freely configurable team zones are utilized.
  • Quiet zones: Despite open spaces, acoustically protected retreats are needed. Many employees particularly appreciate the quiet of working from home. The office should also offer this advantage.

Offers for a high-quality workplace experience

A compelling workplace experience is created by the mutual complementarity of spaces, technology, and culture.

A. Spaces and zones

  • Zoning and diversity: Separate areas for concentrated work, teamwork, breaks, and mental balance.
  • Acoustic quality: Textile and acoustically effective surfaces, large and lush plants, and room dividers reduce noise.
  • Team areas: Rollable and freely combinable furniture, whiteboards, and partition walls create convertible project zones.
  • Phone booths & huddle rooms: Small, soundproof rooms where you can make phone calls without disturbing other colleagues.
  • Biophilic design: Daylight, green plants, and natural materials measurably improve well-being.

B. Technology and equipment

  • Ergonomic, standardized workstations: Every workstation should be equipped equally, with a monitor, docking station, and adjustable table.
  • Reliable meeting technology: with excellent audio and video quality.
  • Personal storage space: lockers, cubicles, rolling containers
  • Space booking system: Fair workplace and room reservation

C. Services and culture

  • Catering and food: A good selection of tea, coffee, and beverages, healthy and protein-rich snacks, canteen offerings
  • Break and exercise areas: Lounges, sports or fitness zones with showers
  • Cleanliness and hygiene: Clean, well-maintained areas are an expression of appreciation.

Measurements as the first step toward greater office utilization

The option of spending individual workdays in a home office has become standard for employees. At least, that is true for professions where it is actually possible. On the other hand, office utilization is also a valuable asset for you as an entrepreneur or manager, and one that has a direct financial impact.

The return to the office and thus the highest possible office utilization is best achieved through positive motivation. Coercion tends to lead to attrition. Any measures that make your office more attractive are considered suitable motivators. Offer your employees something that their homes cannot provide.

In order to free up space for lounges, team areas, quiet areas, or even sports rooms, you will need to rearrange the existing space and reduce the number of individual workstations. The first link in this chain is therefore to measure the current office utilization. And this is best achieved with Office Insights from the office utilization system PULT.

Important: As more colleagues return to the office, booking and attendance figures will naturally shift. Keep an eye on the trend in PULT, which is very easy to do using Office Insights.

By observing booking behavior, you can readjust the availability of individual workstations. This way, you can ensure that all employees can reliably book a free space at any time.

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FAQ

Have questions?

What is good office utilization?

On average, utilization between 60 and 70 percent is considered balanced. This ensures that there is enough movement in the office without workstations standing empty. Values above this can sometimes lead to a shortage of sought-after resources, while significantly lower values can lead to unjustifiably large spaces.

How long should I measure office utilization to get a realistic picture?

A period of two to four weeks is usually sufficient. During this time, typical weekly patterns and usage peaks become apparent. However, be aware of possible seasonal fluctuations and typical vacation periods.

Can I also record office utilization without sensors?

Yes, you can do this via your company's Wi-Fi network or the booking data for workstations and rooms. Presence detection in PULT Presence records the presence of your employees as soon as their laptop or smartphone connects to the company Wi-Fi.

What is the difference between occupancy and utilization?

Occupancy describes how many workstations are assigned or reserved. Utilization shows how many of these are actually used. These values may differ if employees do not use their booking. PULT Presence offers independent and therefore reliable presence detection.

Is PULT compliant with data protection and GDPR regulations?

Yes, because PULT collects and evaluates data according to the required minimum principle. In addition, the evaluations do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the behavior of individuals, so you can work with PULT in full compliance with GDPR regulations.

About author

Isolde Van der Knaap

Hybrid Work Enthusiast and Account Executive

At PULT we're designing the future of the hybrid workplace for companies and their employees. Focused on SME and mid market customers in Eruope, I'm working on everything from Customer Discovery to Onboarding. I'm very passionate about new work and moved to Hamburg in 2024 even though I'm originally from France.

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Office Insights

Open-Concept Office: Pros and cons, design, and modern concepts

An open-concept office is an open workspace where many employees work together without partition walls. Noise, a lack of private spaces, and constant interruptions are considered the biggest drawbacks of open-concept offices. However, you can solve these very problems through zoning, well-designed soundproofing, and skillful space planning.

Open-concept Office: The Most Important Points at a Glance

An open-concept office refers to an open workspace for multiple teams without fixed partitions and is one of the most common office concepts in companies that adopt a hybrid work model.

The biggest drawback of open-concept offices is the noise level: noise and acoustic distractions are among the most commonly cited causes of loss of concentration and declining productivity in open-concept offices.

Zoning, acoustic partitions, and sound-absorbing materials solve the core problems in open-concept offices because they physically separate areas for concentration, communication, and relaxation.

PULT makes it possible to plan open-concept offices: Through Desk Booking and Office Insights, the software shows which zones are actually being used and provides occupancy data for space planning tailored to actual needs.

What is an open-concept office?

An open-concept office (or open-plan office) is a contiguous office area in which more than ten employees work in an open space without floor-to-ceiling walls. It differs from a cubicle office in its open structure and from purely open-space areas in that it has clearly defined functional zones.

How does an open-concept office differ from a traditional office?

Office types can be classified based on how the space is divided. From cubicle offices with individual rooms to combination offices and open-concept offices, the openness of the space increases gradually.

A modern open-concept office combines open workspaces with activity zones—areas each designed for a specific task. It is precisely this zoning that distinguishes this well-thought-out concept from a simple desk arrangement.

For hybrid teams, an open floor plan makes particular sense. When part of your workforce is working from home, shared workspaces allow for much more efficient use of space than permanently assigned individual offices.

What are the pros and cons of open-concept offices?

Open-concept offices offer short lines of communication and high space efficiency, but their main drawbacks are noise and a lack of private spaces. The balance between these two factors determines whether the space is productive or stressful.

What are the advantages of an open-concept office?

The advantages of an open-concept office lie in collaboration and cost savings. Teams can easily coordinate with one another; these discussions take place without the need to schedule appointments, and new employees are able to integrate more quickly.

Added to this is the financial benefit. An open-concept office with shared workstations significantly reduces per-capita office costs, especially in companies where a high percentage of employees work from home.

Short lines of communication: Teams coordinate with one another without organizational hurdles.

Greater space efficiency: Shared workstations reduce costs per employee.

Greater transparency and visibility: You can immediately see who is present and what people are working on.

Faster onboarding: New colleagues learn the processes by working closely with the team.

What are the disadvantages of an open-concept office?

The biggest drawback of open-concept offices is the noise level. Conversations, phone calls, and keyboard clicks all blend together, and it is precisely this acoustic distraction that is one of the most common reasons why concentration suffers in an open-concept office.

In a controlled laboratory experiment, a research team at Bond University demonstrated that typical open-concept office noise increases negative mood by 25% and the physical stress response by 34%—as measured by heart rate and skin conductance—after just eight minutes of noise exposure. In real-world office settings, where employees are exposed to these noise levels for hours on end, these effects are correspondingly more pronounced. (Sander et al., Journal of Management & Organization, 2021)

Open-concept office layouts also significantly reduce face-to-face communication. In two field studies conducted with Fortune 500 companies, the volume of face-to-face interaction dropped by about 70% after the transition to an open-concept layout, while email and instant messaging traffic increased sharply. People who are constantly visible to everyone tend to withdraw inwardly and turn to digital channels. (Bernstein & Turban, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Harvard Business School, 2018). The availability of private spaces is therefore an important factor in well-being.

How do I design a modern open-concept office?

A productive and employee-friendly open-concept office is created through spatial zoning based on activity, effective soundproofing, and space planning based on actual usage data. However, furniture and rules alone are not enough if the basic layout of the space does not suit the way people work.

How does zoning work in an open-concept office?

Zoning divides the open space into areas for different activities. This principle stems from the activity-based working concept, in which each type of work is assigned its own appropriate space:

Quiet areas for concentration and quiet, independent work.

Opportunities for collaboration.

Customizable project areas for teamwork and time-bound projects.

Quiet, secluded areas for breaks and relaxation.

This allows employees to choose a workspace that suits their current task and ensures they have the best possible conditions there.

What type of soundproofing is suitable for an open-concept office?

Effective soundproofing in an open-concept office is achieved through sound-absorbing materials and physical barriers. The combination of elements on the ceiling, on the floor, as well as room dividers and large plants reduces the noise level.

Acoustic partitions between workstations block sound directly at the source.

Large plants with lush foliage also act as natural sound barriers.

Upholstered furniture and upholstered room dividers absorb sound.

Floor-to-ceiling partitions in an open-concept office separate zones from one another both acoustically and visually.

Acoustic panels on the ceiling and walls, sound-absorbing carpeting and rugs, and enclosed phone booths for video calls significantly reduce noise levels.

In cases where noise levels remain high despite these measures, the cause usually lies in the use of the space itself.

How does Desk Booking help optimize space in an open-concept office?

Desk Booking provides the data needed to plan an open-concept office according to actual needs. Rather than relying on assumptions, booking and occupancy data show which areas are regularly in use and which, by contrast, remain empty.

This leads to specific ways to adapt the space that allow for the redistribution and management of its use. For example, if the area designated for quiet work is consistently overbooked while spaces for collaboration remain empty, this is a measurable indicator that the layout needs to be redesigned.

PULT provides the necessary occupancy data: This allows you to analyze the use of your office space, and employees can reserve their seats in the appropriate zone.

How to Turn Your Open-Concept Office Into a Productive Workplace

An open-concept office becomes productive through zoning based on activity, effective soundproofing, and space planning based on actual usage data. The open space is preserved, and its weaknesses are eliminated through the right structure.

With PULT Office Insights, you can see which areas of your space are actually being used and plan renovations based on real data.

Your employees can reserve a workspace in the appropriate zone and see where their colleagues are already seated.

You manage capacity and attendance all in one place.

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Office Insights

Workplace Automation: What does it really mean for your office?

Workplace automation refers to the automation of daily, recurring office tasks, from desk reservations to visitor registration. For companies with a hybrid work model, the question arises as to which processes can be automated and how this can be done in compliance with the GDPR.

Workplace Automation: The Basics

Workplace Automation automates recurring office processes—such as room and desk reservations, attendance tracking, and visitor management—based on rules, without requiring employees to manually initiate each step.

You can identify office processes that are ready for automation by three characteristics: clearly definable rules, a high frequency of repetition, and a measurable susceptibility to errors when processed manually.

SMEs must ensure compliance with three requirements before launching: GDPR-compliant data storage, involvement of the works council (Section 87 of the Works Constitution Act), and adherence to EU hosting standards to avoid issues related to the Cloud Act.

PULT is an all-in-one office management platform that automates desk booking, room reservations, office analytics, and visitor management, and integrates fully with MS Teams, Personio, and Slack so your office runs without any manual intervention.

What is workplace automation

Workplace automation encompasses all software-driven office processes in which a defined rule or algorithm determines the next step.

This ranges from automatic booking confirmations to rescheduling meeting rooms when the number of participants does not match the room size. In this way, workplace automation goes beyond mere digitization measures. Digitization converts paper forms into machine-readable data. Automation handles the resulting tasks on its own.

Which office processes can be automated?

Processes that occur daily and always follow the same or a similar pattern are ready for automation.

Area Manual Process Automated version
Space & Workplace Booking meeting rooms, spaces, and workstations by arrangement, via a list, or by email. Self-booking with automatic confirmation
Space & Workplace Identifying and Resolving Duplicate Bookings Automatic detection and rebooking in the event of capacity conflicts
Space & Workplace Send a reminder for your own desk reservation Automatic push notification to the user
Space & Workplace Coordinate Parking Assignments Using a Spreadsheet Automatic assignment of parking spaces based on predefined booking rules
Visitor Management Visitor Registration at the Front Desk Paperless Self-Registration with GDPR-Compliant Data Collection
Visitor Management Notify the host by phone when visitors are arriving Automatic notifications via MS Teams or Slack
Office Evaluation Track Office Utilization Using Handouts Real-Time Analysis of Office Usage
Office Evaluation Compile capacity utilization reports yourself Automatically generated reports based on occupancy data
Human Resources Management Manage Leave Requests via Email Automated approval process with status notifications
Human Resources Management Create and Send Onboarding Checklists Automated task assignment and access granting upon admission
Attendance & Planning Who is in the office and when? Check with them to find out. Real-Time Automatic Attendance Overview
Attendance & Planning Coordinate office days with the team via chat Rule-Based Scheduling with Attendance Thresholds
IT & Access Manually Set Up Access for New Employees Automatic Assignment of Permissions via SSO and HR Integration
IT & Access Access Control by Reception Staff Automated access control via app or badge
Buildings & Facilities Cleaning schedules based on a fixed weekly plan Cleaning Based on Actual Room Usage
Compliance & Security Manually Maintain Attendance Lists for Fire Safety Real-time occupancy data as the basis for evacuation plans

How does automated room and desk booking work?

For example, an automated meeting room management system detects when two people book a conference room that is actually designed to accommodate 20 people. The system identifies the discrepancy and automatically rebooks the reservation into a smaller, suitable room.

This reduces the number of conflicts over available spaces and frees up time for office managers that was previously spent on manual adjustments. Workplace automation via Wi-Fi check-in takes this a step further: As soon as you log in to the office with your device, the system automatically reserves your desk without a single click.

What compliance considerations must a company keep in mind when implementing workplace automation?

Automating office processes always involves processing data. Therefore, three points must be clarified:

GDPR Compliance: What data does the tool collect, how long is it stored, and who has access to it? Booking data and attendance records are considered personal data.

Employee Participation: As soon as a tool tracks attendance or workload, Section 87(1)(6) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) applies. You must consult with the works council before implementing it.

Hosting: EU hosting with a German or European data center circumvents the Cloud Act issues that arise with U.S. providers without an EU branch.

How do I get started with Workplace Automation?

To automate your workplace, start by identifying all the processes that, although they follow a very consistent pattern, are repeatedly carried out manually by employees. Review these processes and provide your team with software to automate them. The more processes a single software solution can handle, the fewer new tools you'll need to burden your team with.

1

Identify processes: Which processes take more than 30 minutes each day or regularly produce errors? These are the first candidates.

2

Examine the process: Is the current process already the best option? Or could it be streamlined?

3

Select a tool based on its integration capabilities: EU hosting and integration with existing systems are important selection criteria.

4

Roll out the changes gradually: Start with one feature—such as automatic room booking—and then expand to other areas after receiving positive feedback.

5

Review KPIs after 4 weeks: How many booking conflicts remained? How much administrative time was saved? How has office utilization changed?

Here's how PULT puts your office management on autopilot

Your workplace automations work best when they're bundled into a single software solution rather than spread across multiple tools. You can bundle workstation and room reservations, presence detection, occupancy analysis, visitor management, and parking management into PULT:

Desk booking, room booking, and office analytics are all handled in a single tool, without any integration issues between individual systems.

Automatic presence detection via your existing Wi-Fi system.

Office Insights provide data and analyses on office utilization.

Full integration with MS Teams, Slack, Personio, and HiBob.

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Office Insights

Huddle Meetings: How to make daily team check-ins truly productive

A huddle meeting is a daily or regular team check-in that takes no more than 15 minutes to align priorities and identify roadblocks. The difference from a traditional status meeting lies in its structure and in what you consistently leave out afterward.

Huddle Meeting: The Basics

A huddle meeting is a regular team check-in limited to 10 to 15 minutes, with three set questions: What was completed yesterday? What's on the agenda for today? What's currently holding the team back?

The Daily Huddle meeting format works whether held in person or virtually, without an agenda document and with a rotating spokesperson. Anything that goes beyond the three core questions should be addressed in follow-up discussions afterward.

For hybrid teams, team huddle meetings require some ground rules: cameras on, a fixed time zone, a breakout channel for follow-up discussions, and GDPR-compliant policies for recording.

PULT, the all-in-one software for hybrid office management, shows moderators in real time every day who is in the office and who is working remotely. This provides a reliable information basis for every huddle meeting before it begins.

What is a huddle meeting?

A huddle meeting is a short, structured team discussion of a fixed duration (10 to 15 minutes) that takes place daily. The goal is to coordinate efforts. Discussions should be held in separate follow-up meetings. Each team member answers the same three questions:

1

What did I finish yesterday?

2

What do I have to do today?

3

What's holding me back right now?

The concept originates from Scrum, where the daily huddle is known as the daily standup. It is now also used by HR, operations, and sales teams, as well as cross-functional teams that coordinate across locations.

What is the proper format for a huddle meeting?

The huddle meeting format requires three key conditions to be effective: strict adherence to the schedule, the assignment of a facilitator, and a fixed list of participants.

1

Duration and Timing. The Daily Huddle Meeting takes place at the same time every day. Exceptions weaken the routine. The maximum duration is 15 minutes. If you regularly go over that time, you should consider whether parts of the content belong in a separate format.

2

Participants. Only individuals who are directly dependent on one another. Larger departments are divided into smaller subgroups.

3

Facilitator's Role. A facilitator keeps track of time and consistently directs discussions toward follow-up conversations. Rotating facilitation fosters a sense of personal responsibility within the team.

Element Standard Remote/Hybrid
Duration 10 to 15 min. 10 to 15 min.
Format While standing Camera on
Moderation Rotating Specified
Follow-up meetings Right after that Breakout Channel
Minutes Optional Note Short Chat Log

What changes in the team huddle meeting in a hybrid office?

In teams where some members are in the office and others are working remotely, three issues arise that could undermine the format: remote participants become passive listeners, discussions in the plenary session get out of hand, or technical problems delay or prolong the meeting.

Checklist for Hybrid Team Huddle Meetings:

Cameras are required for all participants, including office groups sharing a screen.

Real-time chat in the team chat during the meeting.

Breakout session or a fixed time slot on the calendar for follow-up meetings immediately afterward.

A fixed meeting link and time zone in everyone's calendar.

Facilitating from a remote setting to ensure that remote participants are on an equal footing in terms of structure.

Clear hybrid work policies are essential for this model to work for everyone involved.

What legal considerations must companies keep in mind during their daily huddle meetings?

Daily huddle meetings count as work time and must be documented as part of time tracking. This also applies to brief 10-minute check-ins.

If you record video huddles, you need a GDPR-compliant legal basis and must inform participants in advance. If the huddle format is used for regular performance monitoring, a company agreement may also be required.

How to Make Huddle Meetings a Permanent Part of Your Hybrid Team

A huddle meeting is only effective when time management, structure, and the facilitator's role work together seamlessly. In a hybrid work environment, a fourth factor comes into play: transparency about who is working, when, and from where. Daily check-ins help to improve the employee experience because coordination routines become reliable and transparent for everyone.

Use PULT to see where your colleagues are working

PULT shows you at any time who is in the office and who is working remotely. You can also see your colleagues' scheduled attendance and receive reports on your teams' attendance. Desk booking, room booking, visitor management, and office insights are all integrated into a single platform.

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