This Is Hot Desking: Concept, Advantages and Implementation in Companies

Die Bürokosten steigen, aber die Hälfte der Arbeitsplätze steht leer. Die Mitarbeiter wechseln zwischen Homeoffice und Büro und im Unternehmen kommt die Frage auf, ob sich der ungenutzte Platz nicht besser nutzen ließe. Hot Desking verspricht eine Lösung: Arbeitsplätze teilen, statt leer stehen lassen. In diesem Artikel erfährst du, was Hot Desking ist, ob es für dein Unternehmen funktioniert und wie du typische Einführungsfehler vermeidest.

What is hot desking? An overview of the definition

Hot desking is a workplace concept in which employees do not have a permanently assigned desk. Instead, they use a different free workstation each day.

The name is self-explanatory: if a workstation is used by several people in succession, it remains ‘warm’ or ‘hot’.

Typical hot desking scenarios:

  • Field teams: Sales employees are often on the road and only need an office workstation occasionally
  • Hybrid teams: Employees work from home 2-3 days a week and only come into the office occasionally.
  • Project-based work: Teams that require different ways of working depending on the project.

The advantages of hot desking

  • Cost savings: Fewer workstations means smaller office space and lower rental costs. This is the case when a new office space is planned with a hot desking concept.
  • Optimised office utilisation: Instead of empty desks, there are spaces and zones for collaboration, quiet areas or modern break areas. This is the case when existing large spaces are converted to hot desking.
  • Improved collaboration: Changing seats breaks down departmental boundaries. Employees get to talk to colleagues from other areas.
  • Attractiveness as an employer: Hot desking is a sign of a modern, well-thought-out office concept. The change usually goes hand in hand with a complete upgrade of the office equipment: high-quality, ergonomic furniture, modern technology, professionally designed quiet zones, inviting break areas and a well-equipped kitchen for coffee breaks together. For skilled workers, this signals that the company is investing in the well-being of its employees and offers a contemporary work culture.

Challenges and possible disadvantages of hot desking

The loss of workplace identity is the biggest problem for employees when switching to hot desking. Many employees value ‘their’ desk with personal items, photos and individual furnishings. This emotional aspect should not be underestimated.

  • Organisational effort: Hot desking requires clear rules and booking software. Without good organisation, it tends to become chaotic and harbours potential for conflict.
  • Technical challenges: All workstations must be identically equipped and adaptable for different users. This requires investment in height-adjustable furniture and multiple sets of equivalent IT equipment.
  • Hygiene and cleanliness: Shared workstations must be cleaned regularly. Employees must also pay more attention to cleanliness and leave their workstations in such a condition that they can be used by a colleague immediately.

{{hint-box}}

From an organisational perspective, data protection and workplace organisation are new challenges for hot desking: Shared workstations require a ‘clean desk policy’, which means that all documents, notes and personal items must be cleared away at the end of each working day.

This is not primarily a matter of cleanliness, but of data protection: confidential information must not be accessible to the next user of the workstation. Computers must be locked and laptops locked away.

Is hot desking right for our company?

Before you decide for or against hot desking, you should honestly consider whether it fits your company's reality.

Features that indicate hot desking is a good fit:

  • High proportion of home office workers: More than 40% of your employees regularly work remotely
  • Flexible working hours: Employees in the team have different attendance times
  • Project-based work: Teams work in changing constellations
  • Growth planned: You expect to hire more staff but do not want to rent more office space immediately
  • Open-minded culture: Your team is generally open to change

Indicators that hot desking is not suitable:

  • Document-heavy work: Employees need daily access to physical files
  • Special equipment: Workstations with very specific technical equipment, for example for video editing, graphic design, CAD workstations, technical equipment such as measuring systems, analysis devices, etc.
  • Fixed teams: Departments that need to work closely together throughout the day
  • Resistance within the team: Employees are very conservative in their approach to daily work and processes.

Implementation: Step by step to hot desking

Successfully introducing hot desking requires a well-thought-out approach in six key areas: Team involvement with employee surveys and a pilot group, technical preparation with standardised IT equipment and a booking system, room design with different work zones and storage solutions, clear rules for data protection and workplace use, a controlled test run with one department, and gradual expansion to the entire company.

1. Involve and convince the team

Conduct an employee survey

Before making any decisions, ask your team: What are their concerns? What are their expectations? Where do employees see advantages or problems? What structures (lockers, coffee kitchens, quiet areas, break zones) would they like to see?

Workshops and information events

Explain transparently why hot desking is being introduced. Highlight specific benefits, not only for the company, but also for employees (modern equipment, flexible working environment).

Identify a pilot group

Start with an open-minded department or volunteer participants who can act as multipliers.

2. Plan the technology and infrastructure for hot desking

Evaluate the IT infrastructure

  • Are all workstations equipped with the same technology?
  • Does the Wi-Fi work reliably everywhere?
  • Can employees log in to any PC without any problems?

Select a booking system

Important criteria: Can be used from any device (PC, laptop, smartphone, terminal), connection to existing systems (calendar), room booking, office evaluation and statistics (GDPR-compliant).
{{cta}}

Standardise furniture and equipment

All workstations must be identically equipped: height-adjustable desks, ergonomic chairs, lighting.

3. Redesign rooms and zones for hot desking

Plan zoning

  • Quiet areas for concentrated work
  • Zones for teamwork with rollable tables and partition walls
  • Upgrade break areas and kitchens
  • Telephone areas for conversations

Create storage solutions

Lockers, mobile roll containers or lockable cabinets for personal items, documents and private belongings.

4. Develop rules and guidelines for hot desking

Define a clean desk policy

Clear rules for handling documents and digital devices at the end of the working day (data protection).

Establish booking guidelines

  • How far in advance can bookings be made?
  • Are there minimum or maximum booking times?
  • What happens in the event of no-shows?

Create a code of conduct

Rules for noise levels, phone calls, eating at the workplace and respectful use of shared resources.

5. Start a trial run for hot desking

Start with one department

Introduce hot desking in a limited area first to gain experience and iron out any teething problems.

Collect feedback systematically

Hold regular discussions with the test participants: What is working well? Where are there problems? What should be adjusted?

Make adjustments

Be prepared to change rules or adapt technical solutions if problems arise.

{{cta}}

6. Expand hot desking step by step

Gradual introduction

After a successful trial run, expand hot desking to other departments. This will allow you to learn from experience and optimise each expansion.

Continuous monitoring

Even after full implementation: Collect feedback regularly and adapt the system to changing needs.

Make success measurable

Track key figures such as workplace utilisation, employee satisfaction and cost savings to document your success.

The most common mistakes when introducing hot desking

  • The team hears it through the grapevine: If employees only find out about the introduction of hot desking through the office grapevine, resistance is inevitable and fears and reservations build up that are very difficult to resolve later on. Talk openly about the reasons: cost savings, flexibility or growth plans. People are more likely to accept change if they understand the reasoning behind it.
  • From zero to one hundred: Completely transforming an office all at once overwhelms everyone involved. If you transform the entire company while it is still running, you risk chaos and frustrated employees. Start with one department, gather experience and make improvements before continuing.
  • First- and second-class workstations: Nothing creates a bad atmosphere faster than workstations with different equipment. If one desk has two monitors and another only has one, employees will fight over the better spots every morning. Invest in standardised equipment; it will pay off in the long run.
  • Lack of rules: Without clear rules, hot desking will be chaotic. Define how workstations are booked, what happens to documents and how employees should behave. Everyone must know and follow these rules, from interns to managing directors.

Successfully implement hot desking with booking software

Hot desking stands and falls with the right implementation. Many typical problems, such as conflicts over popular workstations, unnoticed unpopular desks or disputes over meeting rooms, can be avoided from the outset with the right software.

The use of suitable hot desking software solves these problems and ensures that workstations can be booked fairly and reliably. With PULT, every employee can be sure that they will actually find the desired space free after their commute to work. The most important features at a glance:

  • Desk booking with floor plan, from smartphone, laptop or PC
  • Filter by equipment and book next to your favourite colleague
  • Room reservation for meetings, workshops or focused work
  • Visitor management including check-in and attendance overview
  • Team find function to see who is in the office and when
  • Data-driven evaluations of space and workstation usage
  • Integration into existing tools such as Microsoft Teams or Slack

Hot desking – frequently asked questions and answers

Hint-Desk-Booking

Note: For successful implementation of any option, it is important to have uniform equipment, easy-to-use booking tools, and clearly defined rules. In addition, sufficient storage space for personal work equipment is required, for example in the form of lockers or rolling containers.

Trusted by 1000+ innovative workplaces
FAQ

Have questions?

Can hot desking also work in smaller companies?

The effort is usually only worthwhile for companies with 20 to 30 employees or more. For smaller teams, a simple agreement among themselves is often sufficient.

What happens when everyone wants to go to the office at the same time?

This is the classic ‘worst case scenario’ that practically never happens. Nevertheless, you should have a plan B: additional workstations in meeting rooms or flexible home office arrangements.

How do we deal with employees who categorically reject hot desking?

Finden Sie heraus, was die konkreten Bedenken sind, und bieten Sie Kompromisse an, zum Beispiel feste Plätze für bestimmte Tage oder Teams.

Are hygiene standards a problem at hot desking workstations?

This can be easily achieved with clear cleaning protocols and disinfection stations. Many employees are already accustomed to these routines due to coronavirus.

How do we prevent informal cliques from ‘reserving’ certain areas for themselves?

Booking systems with fair rules help to achieve this. It is also important that managers lead by example. In PULT, you can set booking rules and temporarily or permanently restrict or block workstations, rooms or zones for certain people and groups.

What do we do with personal belongings when hot desking?

Lockers or lockable rolling containers are a good and proven option. Make sure your employees can store wet clothing, bicycle helmets, backpacks and sports bags conveniently and securely.

About author

Isolde Van der Knaap

Hybrid Work Enthusiast and Account Executive

At PULT we're designing the future of the hybrid workplace for companies and their employees. Focused on SME and mid market customers in Eruope, I'm working on everything from Customer Discovery to Onboarding. I'm very passionate about new work and moved to Hamburg in 2024 even though I'm originally from France.

Resources

Learn how to run better workplace operations

How can the work council influence desk sharing?

The Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) provides for several instances of co-determination that may apply depending on the specific details of the desk-sharing arrangement. Those who are unaware of the rules risk injunctions and significant project delays.

What say does the works council have regarding desk sharing?

Anyone who wants to introduce desk sharing in their company will quickly face an important question: Does the works council need to be involved, and if so, to what extent? There is no one-size-fits-all answer.

The Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) provides for several instances of co-determination that may apply depending on the specific details of the desk-sharing arrangement. Those who are unaware of the rules risk injunctions and significant project delays.

How the work council can influence desk sharing: The Basics

  • Desk-sharing itself is not subject to employee participation. The employer may implement it within the scope of its managerial authority. The specific details of its implementation almost never are.
  • Section 87(1)(1) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) applies whenever rules concern employees’ conduct.
  • Section 90 of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) requires employers to inform the works council early and in detail as soon as the planning phase begins.
  • A workplace agreement is the most legally sound approach to desk sharing.

What does the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) stipulate regarding desk sharing?

In principle, an employer may require desk sharing. However, the specific details are almost always subject to co-determination. This applies in particular when rules regarding workplace use, digital booking tools, occupational health and safety, or changes to the work environment are involved.

The BetrVG contains several sections that may be relevant to desk sharing:

Section 87(1)(1) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) – Order in the workplace: The line between conduct regarding workplace order that is subject to co-determination and work-related conduct that is exempt from co-determination is blurred. Rules that directly require work performance (e.g., finding an available seat every day) are considered work-related conduct and are not subject to co-determination. Rules regarding workplace coexistence, such as the handling of personal belongings or the use of lockers, are considered organizational conduct and are subject to co-determination.

Section 87(1)(6) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) – Technical Monitoring Devices: Certain aspects of desk sharing, such as the use of booking or occupancy tools, fall under Section 87(1)(6) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) if they involve monitoring of employees’ performance and behavior. As soon as a booking tool collects data on attendance times or usage patterns that can be traced back to individual employees, the right to co-determination applies.

Section 87(1)(7) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) – Health Protection: Ergonomic requirements, risk assessments, and hygiene regulations for shared workstations may satisfy this criterion. The Baden-Württemberg Regional Labor Court rejected a right to co-determination under § 87 (1) No. 7 BetrVG in a specific case, as the introduction of desk sharing alone did not lead to a concrete risk to employees. A risk assessment would first have to establish this.

§ 90 BetrVG – Duty to Inform: § 90 BetrVG requires the employer to inform the works council in a timely and comprehensive manner about planned changes to workstations, work processes, or the work environment. This duty to inform applies as early as the planning phase. Anyone who informs the works council only after the restructuring measures have already begun has missed this deadline.

§ 111 BetrVG – Operational change: According to the case law of the Federal Labor Court, the introduction of desk sharing is generally not considered an operational change within the meaning of § 111 BetrVG. The situation is different if desk sharing is part of a larger restructuring.

What does case law say about the works council’s right to co-determination?

Case law on the subject of desk sharing and works councils is anything but consistent. In the past, the same concept has been interpreted differently by various courts. According to this view, it is not the concept as a whole that matters, but rather the individual provisions within it. Three court decisions illustrate where the courts draw the line.

Frankfurt/Main Labor Court: The Frankfurt/Main Labor Court granted a works council’s motion seeking to prevent the introduction of desk sharing. The court found that several aspects of co-determination were affected. The unilateral introduction of this work system by the employer was therefore deemed impermissible. The works council was ultimately able to halt further implementation by means of a preliminary injunction.

Düsseldorf Regional Labor Court (Case No. 3 TaBVGa 6/17): The Düsseldorf Regional Labor Court ruled in another case that the works council had no right of co-determination because the specific plan did not contain any provisions subject to co-determination. The question of where exactly the line is drawn between the specification of work duties not subject to co-determination and conduct subject to co-determination remains largely unresolved even after this decision. A fundamental ruling by the Federal Labor Court is still pending.

Baden-Württemberg Regional Labor Court (Case No. 21 TaBV 7/24, August 2024): According to this ruling, neither the decision to introduce desk sharing nor an accompanying clean-desk policy is, in and of itself, subject to works council co-determination. Both pertain to employees’ work conduct, which is not subject to co-determination. However, regulations governing the handling of personal belongings may affect workplace conduct subject to co-determination pursuant to Section 87(1)(1) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG). Regulations governing the use of certain company premises for break and work purposes may also be subject to co-determination.

In practice, this means that it is not the concept as a whole but each individual provision within it that must be reviewed for compliance with the requirement for employee participation. Those who make sweeping generalizations are almost always wrong.

See PULT in action

  • ✓ Collect booking data in compliance with GDPR, without the risk of surveillance
  • ✓ Anonymous team-level analytics, no individual profiles
  • ✓ Win over works councils with transparent data processing
Book a demo

What must be included in the workplace agreement on desk sharing?

In practice, a works council agreement is the most reliable way to implement the project in a legally compliant manner. This applies regardless of whether a genuine right to co-determination exists in a particular case or not.

To ensure that desk sharing and labor law are compatible, a legally sound company agreement must address these key points:

  1. Scope of Application: Which locations, departments, and employee groups are covered by the agreement? If it applies across multiple locations, the general works council is generally responsible.
  2. Booking rules: How do you reserve a workspace? Through the app, at a terminal, or on the spot? What are the advance notice requirements and cancellation deadlines?
  3. Clean Desk Policy: What personal items are allowed, how are they stored, and who provides lockers or rolling cabinets?
  4. Data Protection and Booking Systems: Digital booking systems may fall under Section 87(1)(6) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG) if they collect data on booking times, duration of presence, or individual usage patterns. The agreement must specify what data is collected, how long it is stored, and who has access to it. Tools like PULT avoid this issue from the outset: analyses are conducted exclusively at the team level in aggregated form, without any references to individuals, and thus meet the requirements that works councils typically impose under Section 87(1)(6) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG).
  5. Ergonomics and Occupational Health and Safety: Guidelines for the setup of shared workstations (monitor, keyboard, chair), for cleaning, and for the special needs of individual employees.
  6. Special provisions: Pregnant employees, employees with disabilities, or those in certain job roles may be entitled to a dedicated workspace and special desk-sharing rules.
  7. Control mechanisms: How is booking data analyzed? Is it analyzed only at the team level, or also at the individual level? The latter typically requires employee participation and raises data protection concerns.

What is the best way to involve the works council in desk sharing?

Time and again, managers make the mistake of informing the works council about the introduction of desk sharing only after the decision has already been made. This is unwise and, in many cases, violates Section 90 of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG).

As soon as the idea of introducing desk sharing arises internally, the obligation to provide information takes effect. The works council receives planning documents, space allocation plans, and schedules. In the next step, the concept is jointly reviewed for provisions subject to co-determination: Which areas are covered by Section 87(1)(1), (6), or (7) of the Works Constitution Act (BetrVG)? This review prevents individual provisions from becoming stumbling blocks later on.

Once the areas subject to co-determination have been identified, formal negotiations on a works agreement begin. If the employer and the works council cannot reach an agreement, the conciliation board makes the decision. This process can delay projects by months. Once the agreement is finalized, implementation begins. An evaluation clause also specifies when and how the parties will jointly review the plan and adjust it as needed.

If you communicate transparently from the outset and establish a clear policy, you will have already prevented most conflicts before they arise. The same principle applies to the booking system.

{{hint-box}}

Hybrid Work

Working Models 2026 » Overview & Comparison

By choosing the right working model, you can structure your team to avoid unnecessary costs and keep your employees completely satisfied.

Working Models: Which One Is Right for Your Team?

Work models describe how, when, and where employees perform their work. Full-time and part-time? That’s ancient history. By 2026, hybrid, remote, flex time, the four-day workweek, and job sharing will define the German labor market. 

If you choose the wrong model, you’ll quickly find yourself facing unnecessary problems such as excessive administrative costs and dissatisfied employees. That’s why, in this article, we’ll explain the most important models, outline their pros and cons, and highlight which legal changes are particularly relevant this year.

Work Models: The Basics

  • Work models define the scope (full-time, part-time), schedule (flexible hours, trust-based working hours, four-day workweek), and location (office, home office, hybrid, remote) of work.
  • By 2026, hybrid work will be the most common model in German companies. About 60 percent of office workers will work from home at least one day a week.
  • Since 2022, employers in Germany have been required to systematically track working hours, regardless of the chosen work model .
  • The Pay Transparency Act was strengthened in 2026 and now applies to companies with as few as 100 employees, with direct implications for part-time and job-sharing arrangements.

What are work models?

An employment model defines the framework within which an employee performs their work. It specifies three dimensions:

  • Hours worked: How many hours per week does a person work? Full-time, part-time, or on a very limited basis?
  • Schedule: When are employees scheduled to work? Fixed hours, flex time, shift work, or trust-based working hours?
  • Work location: Where is the work done? In the office, from home, in a hybrid setup, or entirely remotely?

These three dimensions can be combined. A full-time employee can work on a flex-time schedule and in a hybrid model. A part-time employee can work exclusively in the office on a fixed shift. These combinations give rise to the modelswe examine in this article.

The main work models by working hours

The number of hours worked forms the basis of every employment contract. These four models cover over 95 percent of all employment relationships in Germany.

Full-time

In Germany, full-time employment generally involves 35 to 40 hours per week, depending on the collective bargaining agreement or the industry. Full-time positions remain the norm, particularly in manufacturing, skilled trades, and traditional administrative professions.

  • Advantages: Full salary, comprehensive benefits, clear career path. 
  • Disadvantages: Less flexibility for family, continuing education, or side jobs.

Part-time

Part-time work involves fewer hours than the full weekly work schedule. Since 2019, employees have been entitled under the Bridge Part-Time Work Act to a temporary reduction in working hours with the right to return to full-time work.

  • Advantages: Better work-life balance, more time for other commitments. 
  • Disadvantages: Lower income, often slower career advancement, lower pension benefits.

Part-time employment (mini-job)

Since 2026, mini-jobs have been capped at 603 euros per month. They are suitable for students, retirees, or as a second job.

  • Advantages: Tax- and social security-free for employees, flexible scheduling, easy entry into the job market.
  • Disadvantages: No automatic coverage under health and unemployment insurance, limited pension benefits, no protection in the event of unemployment.

Four-day workweek

The four-day workweek reduces the number of working days to four, often without a reduction in pay. In Germany, it was tested in several pilot projects in 2024. Initial results show higher productivity per hour, but also challenges in service industries with fixed opening hours.

  • Benefits: More time to recover, lower absenteeism rates, a strong selling point in recruitment.
  • Disadvantages: Difficult to implement in shift-based and service-oriented businesses, higher demands on process efficiency, potential losses in terms of availability.

Work Models Based on Work Hours Distribution

While the total number of hours sets the framework, the distribution of working hours determines daily life. These four models are the most common in Germany.

Flexible work hours

Under a flex-time schedule, employees determine the start and end times of their daily work within a set framework. A core period (for example, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.) generally specifies when all employees must be available. Outside of these hours, employees are free to manage their own schedules.

  • Benefits: Better compatibility with doctor's appointments, family commitments, or commuting times; higher employee satisfaction; lower absenteeism. 
  • Disadvantages: Requires reliable time tracking, makes it difficult to coordinate spontaneously outside of core hours, and makes team coordination more complex.

Flexible work hours

What counts here is only the result, not the number of hours worked. Employees organize their own working hours. It is important to note that even trust-based working hours are not exempt from the legal requirement to track working hours. Employers must document when work was performed, even if the distribution of those hours is left up to the employee.

  • Advantages: High degree of autonomy, a strong selling point when recruiting skilled workers, focus on results rather than attendance. 
  • Disadvantages: Risk of unpaid overtime; difficult to implement without a mature management culture; requires documentation despite flexible scheduling.

Shift work

Shift schedules (early, late, and night shifts) are primarily found in manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, and retail. They require reliable shift schedules and transparent communication.

  • Advantages: The company is always open, employees often receive shift premiums, and there is a clear separation between work and personal time. 
  • Disadvantages: Health risks due to irregular work schedules (especially night shifts), difficulty balancing work and family life, higher employee turnover in industries with unattractive shifts.

Job sharing

In job sharing, two or more people share a full-time position. It is becoming increasingly popular, especially in leadership positions. However, with the stricter Pay Transparency Act of 2026, legal requirements are also coming to the forefront here, as both job-sharing partners must be paid equally for work of equal value and the company must be able to document this comparability.

  • Advantages: Makes leadership positions accessible on a part-time basis, combines two skill sets in a single role, and ensures continuity in the event of illness or vacation. 
  • Disadvantages: Significant coordination effort required between partners, complex reporting and documentation requirements, and, in practice, often additional work for the supporting team.

Work Models by Location

The workplace has undergone the most significant changes in recent years. Four models now define the day-to-day operations of German companies.

Office work (in-person)

For decades, the traditional office setup was the standard model. It still works today in situations where physical presence is necessary. For companies, this model involves the least organizational effort, as it features fixed workstations and predictable utilization. The trade-off is high fixed costs for office space and a limited pool of applicants, since many talented individuals today expect hybrid or remote options.

  • Advantages: Easy coordination, direct communication within the team, strong corporate culture, minimal technical requirements.
  • Disadvantages: High fixed costs for office space, long commutes for employees, and reduced appeal to job candidates.

Work from home

In this model, employees work from home on a permanent basis or at least on a regular basis. There is still no legal right to work from home in Germany, but many companies offer it on a voluntary basis. This is also necessary these days, as many qualified workers expect at least the option to work from home.

  • Advantages: No more commuting time, improved concentration, better work-life balance.
  • Disadvantages: Risk of isolation and weaker team cohesion, more difficult to coordinate spontaneously, higher demands on self-organization and technical equipment at home.

{{hint-box}}

Hybrid Work

Hybrid work combines in-office work with location-flexible work according to clear guidelines. There are several typical models:

  • Office-First: Three to four days in the office, one to two days working from home.
  • Remote-First: Remote work is the default; employees come into the office only on specific days or for specific occasions.
  • Free Choice: Employees decide where to work each day within defined guidelines.

The choice of model primarily affects the organizational effort required. However, the advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid model generally apply to all three variants:

  • Advantages: Combines periods of focused work at home with collaboration in the office, reduces office space through desk sharing, and serves as a strong selling point in recruitment. 
  • Disadvantages: Greater coordination effort, requires booking and attendance systems, risk of unequal opportunities between office-based and remote workers (“proximity bias”).

Remote Work

Remote work refers to working entirely from any location, often from abroad. Tax, social security, and labor law issues become complex as soon as someone works from another EU country for more than 25 days a year.

  • Advantages: Access to an international talent pool, no office space costs, and maximum flexibility for employees.
  • Disadvantages: Complex legal and tax issues related to assignments abroad, challenges in building a team culture, and higher demands on leadership and digital communication.

Try PULT free for 14 days

  • ✓ Clear guidelines for hybrid work
  • ✓ Accurate attendance data instead of chaotic tracking
  • ✓ GDPR-compliant & hosted in Germany
Start free trial

Work Models of the Future: What Will Change in 2026?

The labor market never stands still. Almost in lockstep, new regulations and laws are emerging, designed to protect both employers and employees while maintaining a balance. Four legal and technological developments are shaping work models in Germany in 2026:

  1. Digital time tracking requirement now fully in effect: Since the Federal Labor Court (BAG) ruling in 2022, employers have been required to systematically track working hours. What has been missing so far is specific legal implementation: The planned Time Tracking Act is set to make electronic tracking mandatory in the course of 2026. 
  2. Pay Transparency Act Expanded: The EU Pay Transparency Directive has been transposed into German law and now applies to companies with 100 or more employees. Companies must be able to disclose their pay structures. This has a direct impact on part-time, job-sharing, and hybrid models, as anyone filling a reduced-hour position must be paid proportionally the same as a full-time employee performing the same duties.
  3. AI Governance in Human Resources: With the introduction of the EU AI Act, stricter rules for AI-powered HR systems will take effect in 2026. Tools used in recruiting or performance evaluation are considered high-risk applications and are subject to documentation and transparency requirements. Furthermore, attendance analyses and workload reports must not generate movement profiles of individual persons. Evaluations must be anonymized at the team or facility level.
  4. Space optimization as a cost factor: Office costs are among the largest fixed expenses for many companies. Companies that allow employees to work in a hybrid model and don’t know who is actually in the office and when end up paying for unused square footage. Accurate occupancy data is essential for making informed space-related decisions and ensures that companies can reduce costs.

PULT automatically transmits this occupancy data via Wi-Fi.

  • ✓ Actual presence data instead of booking data
  • ✓ Set up in under 30 minutes
Try PULT free for 14 days

Which work model is right for which company?

There is no one-size-fits-all model. Companies that copy an approach simply because it has worked reliably for others underestimate how much the right choice depends on their own specific circumstances. Four factors set the direction:

  1. Industry and job profile: Knowledge work allows for more flexibility than the manufacturing sector.
  2. Team size and culture: Small teams often get by with informal agreements, while larger teams need clear rules and tools.
  3. Employee expectations: Young talent expects hybrid and remote work options. According to PwC, for 44 percent of employees, the option to work from home is a decisive factor in choosing an employer, while for another 42 percent, it is important but not decisive.
  4. IT infrastructure: Hybrid work only works with reliable time-tracking software, attendance tracking, and an integrated HR system.

Anyone introducing hybrid or flexible models should therefore clarify early on how desk sharing will be organized and how utilization will be measured.

Implementing Hybrid and Flexible Work Models: What Matters Most

Flexible, new work models often fail during implementation. Four problems in particular tend to arise in practice.

The first issue is the discrepancy between bookings and reality. Employees reserve desks in advance but then don’t show up, or conversely, come into the office spontaneously without having made a reservation. The result is occupancy data that cannot be relied upon for decision-making.

The second issue concerns the office manager. Without automatic attendance tracking, the only option is to manually ask team members who is in the office today. This takes time and still doesn't provide reliable data.

Then there’s the matter of compliance. Time tracking, occupational safety training, and first-aid responder quotas require the ability to document at any time who was on site and when. In hybrid teams, this is nearly impossible to do manually.

Finally, the “word of mouth” between systems should not be underestimated. Booking data is stored in one tool, HR data in another, and room schedules in a third. This does not result in a unified overview.

The solution lies in the combination of clear rules and a system that enforces these rules in the background:

  1. Define booking rules (who is allowed to work from home, when, and for how many days; which teams are required to be on-site on which days)
  2. Provide a booking tool that integrates with existing systems such as Slack, Microsoft Teams, or Outlook
  3. Automatically track actual attendance instead of relying on booking data
  4. Use analytics to plan spaces, teams, and investments based on data

This is exactly where PULT comes in. The platform combines desk booking, room and parking spot reservations, visitor management, and automatic attendance tracking via the company’s Wi-Fi into a single system. Employees can book in ten seconds directly from Slack or Teams, check-in happens automatically, and office managers receive reliable data on office occupancy in real time.

Hybrid doesn't mean chaos.

  • ✓ Booking, attendance, and reporting all in one system
  • ✓ Native integration with Slack, Teams, Personio, and more
See PULT in action
Office Insights

Workplace Safety in the Office: Legal Obligations, Ergonomics and Prevention

Workplace safety in the office serves to maintain employee health and provide legal protection for employers. In modern hybrid offices, safety places new demands on the organization of desk sharing and mobile work.

Workplace Safety in the Office: Key Takeaways

  • Legal framework for workplace safety in the office: The foundation consists of the Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG), the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV) and DGUV Information 215-410.
  • Risk assessment in the office: The employer must identify and document the risks (physical and psychological) for each workplace.
  • Ergonomics: Desks, chairs and monitors must be adjustable to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Personnel: Depending on company size, safety officers, first aiders and fire safety assistants must be appointed in the required numbers.
  • Safety briefings: At least once a year, all employees must be instructed on the hazards and protective measures in the workplace.

What legal regulations apply to workplace safety in the office?

Workplace safety in the office is primarily governed by the Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG) and the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV), which are further specified by DGUV Information 215-410.

These regulations require employers to systematically assess hazards, comply with technical standards for computer workstations and ensure employee safety through regular briefings and the provision of first aiders.

  • Occupational Safety Act (ArbSchG): It forms the foundation and obliges the employer under § 5 to conduct a risk assessment. The goal is to design work in such a way that hazards to life and physical and mental health are avoided.
  • Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV): It defines minimum requirements for the operation of workplaces. This includes aspects such as room temperature, ventilation, lighting and the design of computer workstations.
  • DGUV Information 215-410 (formerly BGI 650): This guideline from the German Social Accident Insurance is the most important practical standard for offices. It contains detailed requirements for ergonomics, floor space and the safety-related design of work equipment.
  • Display Screen Equipment Regulation (now part of ArbStättV): It sets specific requirements for the quality of monitors, keyboards and software ergonomics to prevent strain on the eyes and musculoskeletal system.

Responsibility and Implementation of Workplace Safety in the Office

The employer is solely responsible for compliance with and implementation of all measures. For support, from the very first employee, the employer is required to provide proof of safety engineering and occupational health care (according to ASIG and DGUV Regulation 2).

Occupational safety specialists (Sifa) and company physicians provide advisory services, but keeping escape routes clear or correctly adjusting office furniture falls under the responsibility of the respective managers or office management.

How is a risk assessment created for office workplaces?

The risk assessment is the required tool for identifying risks to employee health and initiating countermeasures. According to § 5 of the Occupational Safety Act, every employer is obliged to conduct this assessment for all workplaces, document it and update it regularly.

  1. Define work areas: Divide the office into meaningful units, for example individual offices, open spaces, meeting rooms.
  2. Identify hazards: Record all physical and psychological stresses.
  3. Assess hazards: Evaluate the risk (probability of occurrence and severity of potential damage).
  4. Define protective measures: Select appropriate measures according to the TOP principle (Technical before Organizational before Personal).
  5. Implement measures: Carry out the planned improvements.
  6. Check effectiveness: Verify whether the measures have actually reduced the risk.
  7. Document and update: Legally compliant documentation of results and adaptation when changes occur (e.g. new office furniture or software).

Consideration of Psychological Stress in the Office

Since 2013, the Occupational Safety Act has explicitly required that the psychological risk assessment must also be part of the process. In the office, the focus is on factors such as work intensification, constant availability, lack of recovery periods or inadequate work organization. The goal is the prevention of stress-related illnesses and burnout.

Special Case: Risk Assessment for Hybrid Work (Office/Home Office)

Due to the alternation between office and home office, the assessment must extend beyond time spent in the office. The employer must also consider hazards for working from home and on the go. Since the employer has no direct right of inspection in the private space of employees, this is done through self-assessment questionnaires and instructions for the ergonomic design of the home workplace.

What ergonomic requirements must office workplaces meet?

Workplace ergonomics aims to adapt working conditions to the physical characteristics of people. The overarching goal is to prevent improper strain and chronic musculoskeletal disorders .

DGUV Information 215-410 and the standards DIN EN 527-1 (desks) and DIN EN 1335 (office chairs) define exact minimum requirements for this purpose.

The Ergonomic Office Chair

A suitable chair must allow dynamic sitting and be individually adjustable:

  • Seat height: The thighs should slope slightly downward, with feet flat on the floor (knee angle approx. 90° or slightly more).
  • Backrest: It must have lumbar support that supports the natural curvature of the spine in the lower back area.
  • Dynamics: The backrest should be movable (synchronous mechanism) to encourage alternating between leaning forward and backward.

The Office Desk

The desk must provide sufficient space for work equipment and the correct working height:

  • Dimensions: The standard surface area is 160 x 80 cm. A depth of at least 80 cm is necessary to maintain the viewing distance to the monitor.
  • Height: For fixed desks, the standard measurement is 74 cm (± 2 cm). However, height-adjustable sit-stand desks (switching between 65 cm and 125 cm) are ideal for reducing cardiovascular strain.
  • Surface: It must be low-reflection and matte to avoid glare from light sources.

Monitor and Input Devices for the Office

The placement of technology affects the strain on neck and eyes:

  • Viewing distance: Depending on monitor size, this should be between 50 cm and 70 cm.
  • Viewing angle: The top line on the screen should be well below eye level, so that the gaze is slightly tilted downward.
  • Arrangement: The monitor must be positioned directly in front of the user (no twisted posture). Keyboard and mouse should be placed so that the forearms can rest relaxed on the desk.

Light, Noise and Climate in the Office

  • Lighting: For office work, an illuminance of at least 500 lux is required. Natural daylight is preferred, while glare must be prevented using blinds.
  • Noise: The sound pressure level should not exceed 55 dB(A) for predominantly mental tasks.
  • Indoor climate: The recommended room temperature is between 20°C and 22°C. The relative humidity should be between 40% and 60%.

How many first aiders and safety officers do I need for the office?

The number of persons to be appointed for occupational safety is legally defined and depends on the number of insured persons present in the workplace according to DGUV Regulation 1.

  • First aiders: In offices with up to 20 employees present, one first aider must be appointed. From 21 employees onwards, at least 5% of the workforce must be trained as first aiders.
  • Safety officers (SiBe): From a company size of 20 employees, the appointment of at least one safety officer is mandatory. They support the employer on a voluntary basis in accident prevention.
  • Fire safety assistants: Here too, a quota of typically 5% of employees applies. Find all details about training and equipment for fire safety in the office.

Important for planning: The employer must ensure through vacation and sick leave periods as well as hybrid work models that the required number of helpers are physically present in the office at all times.

How is workplace safety implemented in the office with desk sharing and hybrid work?

The introduction of work models such as desk sharing and hybrid work fundamentally changes the requirements for occupational safety. Companies must ensure that the protection goals of the Workplace Ordinance (ArbStättV) are also achieved with daily user changes and in the home office.

  • Ergonomics: Since every employee has different physical requirements, shared workplaces (shared desks) must be versatile and easily adjustable.
  • Space utilization and capacities: In open-space concepts, there is a risk of overcrowding, which increases noise levels and can undermine escape route concepts.
  • Psychological stress: The uncertainty of not finding an adequate workplace in the morning ("desk hunting") creates additional stress and reduces concentration.
  • Hygiene: Frequent user changes require hygiene rules and adapted cleaning cycles.

How does booking software help with workplace safety and health in the office?

PULT is our software for workplace and room booking as well as automated presence detection. It serves many employers as a platform to fulfill their duty of care. The software includes features for ergonomics, emergency management and health protection:

  • Equipment filter: Employees can specifically search for workplaces with height-adjustable desks (sit-stand desks), ergonomic chairs or special monitors.
  • Fixed assignments when needed: For employees with special medical or physical requirements, PULT enables permanent reservation of fixed workplaces as an exception to desk sharing.
  • Emergency Export: At the push of a button, administrators generate a list of all persons actually present. Thanks to WiFi detection (PULT Presence), "no-shows" or spontaneous visitors are also precisely recorded.
  • Capacity control: The software automatically prevents overcrowding of zones. This way, fire safety regulations and escape route capacities are technically accounted for.
  • AI Health & Safety Agent: Our AI agent helps convert occupational safety regulations into tasks and pre-fill compliance documents for audits with real presence data.
  • Noise and acoustic management: Through clear zoning into quiet and team zones as well as the bookability of phone booths, acoustic stress is reduced.
  • Psychological relief: The guarantee of a firmly reserved workplace eliminates the stress of morning searching and ensures a calm start to the workday.
Tip: Learn more about automatic presence detection via WiFi at PULT Presence.

{{onpage-cta}}